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Bio 230 > Ch 9 Skeletal Muscle System > Flashcards

Ch 9 Skeletal Muscle System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contain Actin and Myosin

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2
Q

Epimysium

A

is a layer of connective tissue covering the entire muscle bundle

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3
Q

Perimysium

A

is a layer of connective tissue covering individual muscle fascicles

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4
Q

Endomysium

A

Covers each muscle fiber

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5
Q

Collagen

A

fibers of connective tissue

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle cells

A

develop from immature myoblast

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7
Q

Myoribrils

A

Protein filaments

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8
Q

Actin

A

Thin filaments

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9
Q

Myosin

A

Thick filaments

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10
Q

Myoblast

A

Immature skeletal muscle cells

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11
Q

Sarcoemma

A

Cell membrane

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12
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm

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13
Q

Z - disc

A

Point where thin filaments attach to each other

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14
Q

M Line

A

The middle of a sarcomere

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15
Q

I band

A

Lighter band containing only thin filaments

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16
Q

H band

A

lighter region around M line which contains only thick filaments

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17
Q

A Band

A

dark dense contains thick and thin

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18
Q

Transverse ( T ) tubules

A

is the port of entry for Calcium in order to conduct contractions

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19
Q

Contractions

A

H band gets smaller

Z lines move closer

A band stays the same

Myofibrils of myofibers get shorter

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20
Q

+ positive charges

A

Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)

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21
Q
  • Negative charges
A

Chloride (Cl-)
Protiens in Cytosol

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22
Q

Cytosol

A

a liquid found inside cells that surrounds organelles

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23
Q

Action potential

A

a rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane

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24
Q

Depolarization

A

Less negative charge outside the cell, inside is positive

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25
Q

Repolarization

A

a reset that makes the cell negative again

26
Q

Acetylcholine

A

[ACH] Neurotransmitter, a chemical that tells muscles to contract

27
Q

Acetylcholinesterase

A

[ACHE] An enzyme that breaks down ACH

28
Q

Free ATP

A

Atp - ADP + P

Supplies energy for 1 second

29
Q

Creatine Phosphate (CP)

A

ADP + CP - ATP + C

Supplies energy for 15 sec

30
Q

Glycogen - Anaerobic

A

No oxygen occurs in sarcoplasm produces only 2 ATP last 2 min

31
Q

Glycogen - Aerobic

A

Oxygen needed occurs in mitochondria supplies 95% energy 34 ATP last 40 min

32
Q

Fast Fibers

A

fatigue quick most atp use

33
Q

Slow Fibers

A

help maintain posture

34
Q

Intermediate fibers

A

Resemble Fast fibers

35
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Muscle increases in size rapidly

36
Q

Atrophy

A

Reduction in muscle size to decreased stimulation

37
Q

Polio

A

Virus attacks motor neurons of brain and spinal chord causing paralysis

38
Q

Sodium Potassium pump

A

Exchanges sodium 3 to potassium 2

39
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Space between neuron and muscle fiber

40
Q

Synaptic terminal of motor Neuron

A

Contains vesicles filled with neurons transmitter

41
Q

Motor end plate of muscle fiber

A

contains acetylcholinesterase an enzyme that breaks down ACHe

42
Q

Muscle energy storage

A

glucose is stored as glycogen

43
Q

Sarcomere

A

A piece of muscle fiber made up of filaments

44
Q

First step of t tubule coupling

A

Action potential enters from adjacent cell

45
Q

Second step of t tubule coupling

A

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are opened. Ca2+ enters cell.

46
Q

Third step of t tubule coupling

A

Ca2+ releases through ryanodine receptor channels (RyR)

47
Q

Fourth step in t tubule coupling

A

Local release causes Ca2+ spark

48
Q

Fifth step in t tubule coupling

A

Summed Ca2+ sparks create a Ca2+ signal

49
Q

Sixth step in t tubule coupling

A

Ca2+ ions bind to troponin to initiate contraction

50
Q

First step in t tubule relaxation

A

Relaxation occurs when Ca2+ unbinds from troponin

51
Q

Second step in t tubule relaxation

A

Ca2+ is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage

52
Q

Third step in t tubule relaxation

A

Ca2+ is exchanged with Na+

53
Q

Fourth step in t tubule relaxation

A

Na+ is maintained by the Na+ K+ -Atpase (exchange)

54
Q

First step of muscle contraction

A

Skeletal muscle is stimulated by motor neurons

55
Q

Second step of muscle contraction

A

Information arrives at the axon terminal

56
Q

Third step of muscle contraction

A

Neurotransmitter (ACH) is released from neurons into sympathetic cleft

57
Q

Fourth step in muscle contraction

A

ACH binds on the receptor located on the muscle sarcolemma and increase membrane permeability to sodium

58
Q

Fifth step in muscle contraction

A

Sodium then diffuses into muscle, causing action potential to occur

59
Q

Sixth step in muscle contraction

A

As action potential spreads ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP + P

60
Q

Seventh step in muscle contraction

A

Contraction occurs

Bio 230 (6 decks)

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