Ch 9 Skeletal Muscle System

Question 1

Muscle tissue

Answer 1

Contain Actin and Myosin

Question 2

Epimysium

Answer 2

is a layer of connective tissue covering the entire muscle bundle

Question 3

Perimysium

Answer 3

is a layer of connective tissue covering individual muscle fascicles

Question 4

Endomysium

Answer 4

Covers each muscle fiber

Question 5

Collagen

Answer 5

fibers of connective tissue

Question 6

Skeletal muscle cells

Answer 6

develop from immature myoblast

Question 7

Myoribrils

Answer 7

Protein filaments

Question 8

Actin

Answer 8

Thin filaments

Question 9

Myosin

Answer 9

Thick filaments

Question 10

Myoblast

Answer 10

Immature skeletal muscle cells

Question 11

Sarcoemma

Answer 11

Cell membrane

Question 12

Sarcoplasm

Answer 12

cytoplasm

Question 13

Z - disc

Answer 13

Point where thin filaments attach to each other

Question 14

M Line

Answer 14

The middle of a sarcomere

Question 15

I band

Answer 15

Lighter band containing only thin filaments

Question 16

H band

Answer 16

lighter region around M line which contains only thick filaments

Question 17

A Band

Answer 17

dark dense contains thick and thin

Question 18

Transverse ( T ) tubules

Answer 18

is the port of entry for Calcium in order to conduct contractions

Question 19

Contractions

Answer 19

H band gets smaller

Z lines move closer

A band stays the same

Myofibrils of myofibers get shorter

Question 20

+ positive charges

Answer 20

Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)

Question 21

• Negative charges

Answer 21

Chloride (Cl-)
Protiens in Cytosol

Question 22

Cytosol

Answer 22

a liquid found inside cells that surrounds organelles

Question 23

Action potential

Answer 23

a rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane

Question 24

Depolarization

Answer 24

Less negative charge outside the cell, inside is positive

Question 25

Repolarization

Answer 25

a reset that makes the cell negative again

Question 26

Acetylcholine

Answer 26

[ACH] Neurotransmitter, a chemical that tells muscles to contract

Question 27

Acetylcholinesterase

Answer 27

[ACHE] An enzyme that breaks down ACH

Question 28

Free ATP

Answer 28

Atp - ADP + P Supplies energy for 1 second

Question 29

Creatine Phosphate (CP)

Answer 29

ADP + CP - ATP + C Supplies energy for 15 sec

Question 30

Glycogen - Anaerobic

Answer 30

No oxygen occurs in sarcoplasm produces only 2 ATP last 2 min

Question 31

Glycogen - Aerobic

Answer 31

Oxygen needed occurs in mitochondria supplies 95% energy 34 ATP last 40 min

Question 32

Fast Fibers

Answer 32

fatigue quick most atp use

Question 33

Slow Fibers

Answer 33

help maintain posture

Question 34

Intermediate fibers

Answer 34

Resemble Fast fibers

Question 35

Hypertrophy

Answer 35

Muscle increases in size rapidly

Question 36

Atrophy

Answer 36

Reduction in muscle size to decreased stimulation

Question 37

Polio

Answer 37

Virus attacks motor neurons of brain and spinal chord causing paralysis

Question 38

Sodium Potassium pump

Answer 38

Exchanges sodium 3 to potassium 2

Question 39

Synaptic cleft

Answer 39

Space between neuron and muscle fiber

Question 40

Synaptic terminal of motor Neuron

Answer 40

Contains vesicles filled with neurons transmitter

Question 41

Motor end plate of muscle fiber

Answer 41

contains acetylcholinesterase an enzyme that breaks down ACHe

Question 42

Muscle energy storage

Answer 42

glucose is stored as glycogen

Question 43

Sarcomere

Answer 43

A piece of muscle fiber made up of filaments

Question 44

First step of t tubule coupling

Answer 44

Action potential enters from adjacent cell

Question 45

Second step of t tubule coupling

Answer 45

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are opened. Ca2+ enters cell.

Question 46

Third step of t tubule coupling

Answer 46

Ca2+ releases through ryanodine receptor channels (RyR)

Question 47

Fourth step in t tubule coupling

Answer 47

Local release causes Ca2+ spark

Question 48

Fifth step in t tubule coupling

Answer 48

Summed Ca2+ sparks create a Ca2+ signal

Question 49

Sixth step in t tubule coupling

Answer 49

Ca2+ ions bind to troponin to initiate contraction

Question 50

First step in t tubule relaxation

Answer 50

Relaxation occurs when Ca2+ unbinds from troponin

Question 51

Second step in t tubule relaxation

Answer 51

Ca2+ is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage

Question 52

Third step in t tubule relaxation

Answer 52

Ca2+ is exchanged with Na+

Question 53

Fourth step in t tubule relaxation

Answer 53

Na+ is maintained by the Na+ K+ -Atpase (exchange)

Question 54

First step of muscle contraction

Answer 54

Skeletal muscle is stimulated by motor neurons

Question 55

Second step of muscle contraction

Answer 55

Information arrives at the axon terminal

Question 56

Third step of muscle contraction

Answer 56

Neurotransmitter (ACH) is released from neurons into sympathetic cleft

Question 57

Fourth step in muscle contraction

Answer 57

ACH binds on the receptor located on the muscle sarcolemma and increase membrane permeability to sodium

Question 58

Fifth step in muscle contraction

Answer 58

Sodium then diffuses into muscle, causing action potential to occur

Question 59

Sixth step in muscle contraction

Answer 59

As action potential spreads ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP + P

Question 60

Seventh step in muscle contraction

Answer 60

Contraction occurs