Chapter 3: Nursing Theories

Question 1

Bloomsburg Department Mission Statement

Answer 1

Just know that Bloomsburgs program is here to assist students in acquiring the KNOWLEDGE SKILLS, VALUES, AND PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIORS essential to professional nursing.

Question 2

Bloomsburgs Departmental Mission Statement: metaparadigm

Answer 2

PERSON: person is an open system with other systems (family, group and community). Person is holistic.

ENVIRONMENT

HEALTH: influenced by the health beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices of individuals and family.

NURSING: caring in a holistic manner

Question 3

System of ideas that explain a phenomenon.

Answer 3

Theory

Theories are used to describe, predict, and control phenomenon

Provides new possibilities for understanding the disciplines practice.

Question 4

Building blocks of theories.

Help create a model for a larger picture.

HAS to have a WHO WHAT WHEN WHERE WHY

Answer 4

Concepts

Question 5

Made from concepts

Group of related ideas, statements, or concepts.

Grand theories: broad range of relationships among concepts.
- Nightingales theory

Answer 5

Conceptual Framework

Question 6

Pattern of shared understandings and assumptions about a reality of the world

Based on individual thinking

Broad

Taken for granted

Answer 6

Paradigm

Question 7

Metaparadigm for Nursing

Answer 7

Specialized

PERSON: recipient of nursing care
ENVIRONMENT: internal and external surroundings
HEALTH: degree of wellness
NURSING: attributes, characteristics and actions of the nurse providing care on behalf of the client.

Question 8

Roles of Nursing Theory

Answer 8

Education: improve standards of profession

Research: grand theories, middle, critical

Clinical Practice: reflecting, questioning and thinking about what nurses do

Question 9

Roles of Nursing Theory

Answer 9

Vary from Theory to Theory

Level of abstraction (global to individual practice)

Question 10

Believe system that serves for later theoretical formulations
- helps define nursing phenomenon

Answer 10

Philosophy

Question 11

Nightingale

Answer 11

ENVIRONMENT

stressed importance of keeping client warm and clean

Question 12

Peplau

Answer 12

PSYCH

Interpersonal concepts

• orientation: help client understand
• identification: client becomes dependent, independent or interdependent.
• exploitation: client gets full value from what the nurse offers.
• resolution: goals are met. New goals arise.

Question 13

Roy

Answer 13

ADAPTATION

conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration.

Physiological Mode: basic needs
Self-Concept Mode: physical self and personal self
Role Function Mode: need for social integrity and performance of duties
Interdependence Mode: relations with others

Question 14

Betty Neuman

Answer 14

SYSTEMS

Individuals relationship to stress
- maintains equilibrium

Primary prevention: protects normal line of defense
Secondary: reduce reaction and increase resistance
Tertiary: return to wellness or rehabilitation

Question 15

Leininger

Answer 15

CULTURE

Care is the essence of nursing

Sunrise model

• culture care:
  - preservation and maintenance
  - accommodation negotiation or both
  - restructuring and repatterning

Question 16

Henderson

Answer 16

14 FUNDAMENTALS NEEDS

Describes nursing in relation to the client and clients environment

• nurses assist client to help them gain independence.
• forgot that clients constantly change

Question 17

Watson

Answer 17

Hospice care

Question 19

Critique of Nursing Theory

Answer 19

Not a single accepted definition of nursing

Existing theories and models are too vague or too complex to clearly guide practice

Untested theories

Inter-professional teamwork and overlapping of health care professional roles

MUST HAVE METAPARADIGM TO BE CONSIDERED A THEORY.