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Professional Nursing > Chapter 1: Historical Aspects Of Nursing > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Historical Aspects Of Nursing Flashcards

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1
Q

Women’s Roles:

  • wife, mother, to care and nurture
  • dependent on men and physicians
  • maintenance and comfort
A

Historical Aspects

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2
Q 
Religion:
- christians: Good Samaritan
      - "do no harm"
      - love and caring
      - impacted Western culture
Fabiola: converted to Christianity 
Crusades: built hospitals for sick
A

Religion

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3
Q

Knights:

  • made groups that are dedicated to helping the sick
  • Knights of Saint Lazarus: dedicated to individuals with syphilis and skin conditions.
  • Alexia’s Brothers: cared for victims of Black Plague.
A

Knights

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4
Q

Men in nursing followed same principles as women

  • Medieval
  • late 1880-1969
  • American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN). Luther Christman
    - met to discuss ways to hanger image of male nurses
A

Men in Nursing

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5
Q

Order of Deaconesses:

  • Theodor Fliedner
  • reconstituted Order of Deaconesses and opened training school in Germany. 1836
    - Florence Nightingale attended
  • Deaconess groups were suppressed by western churches.
  • 1800s
A

Order of Deaconesses

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6
Q
  • inadequate care for soldiers
  • led to outcry
  • Florence N. recruited women and helped create sanitary conditions.
A

Crimean War

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7
Q
  • Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth both helped slaves and used Florence’s principles.
  • Dorothea Dix recruited more nurses and American Red Cross
A

American Civil War

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8
Q
  • advancements in the field of surgery (designated areas)
  • anesthetics, infection control, blood typing, prosthetics.
  • acute shortage of caregivers (more women)
  • cadet nurse corps
  • nurses started to divide out into ranks
A

WWI

WWII

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9
Q
  • 11,000 women serving

- youngest group of medical personnel

A

Vietnam War

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10
Q

Societal Influences:

  • before mid 1800 women’s place was in home. “No careers”
  • Victorian Era had a negative image at first
    - Dickens Sairy Gamp- robbing patients
    - Florence brought respect
A

Societal Influences

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11
Q
  • improved standards of care.
  • “Notes on Nursing” helped create Nightingale Training School for Nurses
  • Lady With The Lamp
  • improved how we work.
  • hygiene
A

Nurse Leaders: Nightingale

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12
Q
  • volunteer nurse in American Civil War
  • Established American Red Cross!
  • crusades
  • established hygiene standards but did not write it down….
A

Nurse Leaders: Barton

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13
Q
  • Americas FIRST trained nurse

- Uniforms for nurses

A

Nurse Leaders: Richards

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14
Q
  • African American. FIRST trained nurse

- worked with acceptance and equal opportunity

A

Nurse Leaders: Mahoney

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15
Q
  • founder of public health nursing
  • worked in NYC slums
  • Henry Street Settlement
  • “wash hands to not be sick”
A

Nurse Leaders: Wald

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16
Q
  • women’s rights
  • legislation to allow nurses control their own profession
  • precursor to National League of Nursing
A

Nurse Leaders: Dock

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17
Q
  • founder of Planned Parenthood
A

Nurse Leaders: Sanger

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18
Q
  • Frontier Nursing Service
  • started first midwifery training schools in US.
  • travel nurse- babies
A

Nurse Leaders: Breckinridge

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19
Q

Nursing Education:

  • Controlled by state boards of nursing and professional organizations.
  • Varied practice settings, critical thinking, health promotion and maintenance
  • Two Entry Levels: RN and LPN/LVN

NCLEX: RN exam; verifies completion of study

A

Nursing Education

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20
Q

Licensure

Mutual recognition

Multi state compact

A

Nursing Education

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21
Q

Influences others to work together to accomplish specific goals

A

Roles: Leader

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22
Q

Manage care of individuals, families, and communities

- delegate nursing activities

A

Roles: Manager

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23
Q

Assist client physically and psychologically while preserving clients dignity

A

Roles: Caregiver

24
Q

Identify client problems and communicate them to other members of the health care team

A

Roles: Communicator

25
Q

Help client learn about health and health care procedures to restore health

A

Roles: Teacher

26
Q

Represent, protect the clients needs and wishes

A

Roles: Client Advocate

27
Q

Help client to recognize and cope with stressful psychological or social problems, develop improved relationships, and promote personal growth

A

Roles: Counselor

28
Q

Assist client to make modifications in behavior

A

Roles: Change Agent

29
Q

Work with or act as primary nurse to oversee care of specific caseload

A

Roles: Case Manager

30
Q

Use research to improve clients care

A

Roles: Research Consumer

31
Q

Licensed Practical Nursing Programs: LPN

  • 9-12 months
  • take NCLEX-PN
  • work under supervision on RN
  • ladder programs
A

Has classroom and clinical experiences

32
Q

Registered nursing programs:

A
  • leads to RN license

Three different programs

33
Q

RN program: Diploma

A

Three year program

Students learned by doing.

Don’t do this much anymore

34
Q

Associates Degree:

A

Community college

ADN AA AS AAS with major in nursing

Began after Mildred Montags dissertation

Cadet Corps

Students awarded ADN at end of two years.

35
Q

Baccalaureate degree:

A

3 years plus two years

34% of RNS are educated with a baccalaureate degree

There are accelerated programs

36
Q

Graduate nursing programs:

A

Masters degree

CNS NP APRN CNM CNRA CNL

Doctoral programs:

  • phD: faculty roles in nursing Education research
  • DNP: highest degree for nurse clinicians
37
Q

Continuing Education: CE

  • formalized experiences designed to enhance knowledge, skills of practicing professionals
  • responsibility of nurse
  • inservices offered by employers
A

CE

38
Q

Definition of Nursing:

A

Common themes:
-caring, art/science, holistic, adaptive, concerned with health promotion and health maintenance

Helping profession

39
Q

Scopes of Nursing:

A
  1. ) promotion of health and wellness. Community activities to enhance health
  2. ) prevention of illness. Immunization, prenatal care, prevention of STIs
  3. ) restoring health. Teaching clients recovery activities, consulting other health care professions
  4. ) caring for the dying
40
Q

Nurse Practice Act:

A

Legal acts

  • regulated by state or local area
  • Protect the public
  • standards of nurses
  • ANA: standards of practice, and professional performance
41
Q

Occupation that requires extensive education special knowledge, skill, and preparation

A

Profession

42
Q

Professional character, spirit, methods

A

Professionalism

43
Q

Process of becoming professional

A

Professionalization

44
Q

Hospital diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate degree, masters degree, doctoral degree

A

Specialized education

45
Q

Nursing conceptual frameworks

A

Body of knowledge

46
Q

Altruism and service to others guided by rules politics and ethics

A

Service orientation

47
Q

Member expected to do what is considered right regardless of personal cost.

A

Code of ethics: integrity

48
Q

Socialization to Nursing

A

Interactions with fellow students

- establishes effort, goals, and activities

49
Q

Benners stages

A

Novice: performance is limited

Advanced Beginner: marginally acceptable performance. Has experience enough to make judgement.

Competent: 2-3 yeas of experience. Organizational and planning abilities. Coordinates multiple complex demands

Proficient: 3-5 years of experience. Perceived situations as wholes rather than parts. Holistic understandings.

Expert: fluid flexible acts. Does not require rules or guidelines. Inclined to take actions because they feel right

50
Q

Factors Influencing Nursing Practice:

A

Social forces

Health care reform: affordable care act, IOM report (recommendations on how Nursing could provide better care)

Quality and Safety in Health Care: quality and safety education for nurses (QSEN), IOM sex competencies (patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, informatics)

Consumer Demands: awareness of minorities, changing public concepts of health, active in making decisions about health

51
Q

National profession organization for nursing.

- foster high standards of nursing practice and to promote the educational and professional advancements of nurses.

A

ANA

52
Q

Foster development and improvement of all nursing services and nursing Education.

A

NLN

53
Q

Provides an organization through which member national associations can work together for the mission of representing nursing.

A

ICN

54
Q

Official preprofessional organization for nursing students.

-education programs

A

NSNA

55
Q

International honor society in nursing

A

Sigma Theta Tau

Professional Nursing (7 decks)

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