Chapter 3: Neurons

Question 1

Neurons:

Answer 1

Processes sensory info → communicate it with other neurons → send messages to the body’s muscles and organs.

Question 2

Neurons: Synapse:

Answer 2

The region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another where neurotransmitters are transferred.

Question 3

Neurons: Dendrites:

Answer 3

They receive information from other neurons and transfers it to the cell body.

Question 4

Neurons: Cell body and Cell Body:

Answer 4

Coordinates the information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive. And has DNA in it.

Nucleus (in the cell body): Holds the chromosomes that have DNA.

Question 5

Neurons: Axon

Answer 5

Carries information from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands.

Question 6

Neurons: Axon: Myelin Sheath:

Answer 6

Insulating layer of fatty material made of glial cells.

Question 7

Neurons: Axon: Myelin Sheath: Glial cells:

Answer 7

Some support neurons by giving physical and nutritional support and others help by helping the transmission of information.

Question 8

Neurons: Axon: Myelin sheath: Demyelinating diseases:

Answer 8

Communication from one neuron to another is slowed down due to deterioration of the myelin sheath (and thus the glial cells too).

Question 9

Neurons: Axon: Myelin sheath: Sclerosis and symptons:

Answer 9

Progressive damage to the myelin

Symptons: motor fatigue, numbness, but these symptoms vary.

Question 10

Types of Neurons: Interneurons

Answer 10

Connects sensory neurons, motor neurons and other interneurons together to connect information between them.

Question 11

Types of Neurons: Interneurons: Purkinje cells:

Answer 11

A type of interneuron that carries information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain and to the spinal cord.

Looks like a tree.

Question 12

Types of Neurons: Motor Neurons

Answer 12

Produces movement by sending information from the spinal cord to muscles.

Question 13

Types of Neurons: Sensory Neurons:

Answer 13

Sends sensory input information to the nervous system.

Has a single axon and a single dendrite (like one tree trunk with branches)

Question 14

Types of Neurons: Sensory Neurons: Bipolar neuron

Answer 14

Bipolar cells: A type of sensory neuron in the retina of the eye.

Question 15

Neurotransmitters:

Answer 15

Chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron’s dendrites.

Question 16

Receptors:

Answer 16

Receive neurotransmitters and either initiate or prevent a new electric signal on the dendrite of the receiving neuron.

Question 17

Presynaptic neuron:

Answer 17

The neuron sending the neurotransmitters.

Question 18

Postsynaptic neuron:

Answer 18

The neuron receiving the action potential.