Chapter 2: Scientific Method Flashcards
Empiricism:
The belief that the best way to understand the world is to observe it firsthand.
The belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation.
To make an observation in psychology, you need to:
1.
2.
- Develop a theory and a falsifiable hypothesis from it.
2. Make observations that test that hypothesis.
Methods for observation are special because humans are _____ (definition?), _____ (definition?), _____ (definition).
Complex: Complex to understand how the 100 billion neurons in the human brain creates thoughts, feelings and actions.
Variable: People do, say, and think differently in different circumstances.
Reactive: People think, feel and act differently when they are being observed.
Scientific method:
Using empirical (observable) evidence to establish facts.
Develop a theory, develop a hypothesis, test it by observing the world.
Theory:
Ideas about how something works
Hypothetical explanations of natural phenomena.
Can never be proven right.
Ex. Bats navigate by sound
Hypothesis:
A falsifiable prediction originated from a hypothesis.
Ex. Deaf bats should not be able to navigate
Rule of parsimony:
The principle that the simplest explanation of an observation is the preferred explanation.
Empirical method:
Set of rules and techniques for observation because our eyes aren’t perfect.
Empirical method: Method:
The technologies (that enhance the power of the senses).
Empirical method: Methods of observation:
Methods of observation: Methods to understand what people do.
Empirical method: Methods of explanation
Methods of explanation: Methods to understand why people do what they do.
Operational definition:
The description of a property (a thing) in measurable terms.
