Chapter 3: Movement Systems Flashcards
Organ Systems
A group of organs working together to perform biological functions.
Nervous Tissue
Tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that coordinates body activities.
Neurons
The most fundamental component of the brain and nervous system capable of transmitting information to and from other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Neuroglia
Cells in the brain and spinal cord that form a supporting structure for the neurons and provide them with insulation.
Neurosecretory Tissues
Neurons that translate neural signals into chemical stimuli.
Cell Body
The core and central structure of a neuron containing a nucleus and other specialized organelles that aid in nervous system function.
Axon
The thin tail-like structure of a neuron that generates and conducts nerve impulses.
Dendrites
Rootlike structures branching out from the cell body that receive and process signals from the axons of other neurons.
Sensory Neurons
Nerve cells involved in communicating tactile, auditory, or visual information.
Motor Neurons
Nerve cells that initiate muscle contraction or activate glands.
Interneurons
Nerve cells that connect neurons to other neurons.
Central Nervous System
The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System
The nerves and ganglia (relay areas for nerve signals) outside of the brain and spinal cord.
Cerebrum
The uppermost and largest part of the brain consisting of a left and right hemisphere; responsible for receiving and processing sensory information and controlling the body.
Cerebellum
The region of the brain responsible for conscious motor coordination.
Brain Stem
The trunk of the brain, consisting of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain that continues downward to form the spinal cord.
Cerebral Cortex
The part of the brain where most neural integration occurs.
Midbrain
The brain region responsible for motor movement and processing auditory and visual information.
Pons
The brain region responsible for posture, facial movement, and sleep.
Medulla Oblongata
The base of the brain stem, responsible for involuntary functions like swallowing, sneezing, and heart function.
Thalamus
The brain region responsible for relaying sensory and motor signals and regulating consciousness.
Decussation
The point of crossover of the nervous system in vertebrates located between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord.
Frontal Lobe
The brain lobe involved in motor control, emotion, and language.
Motor Cortex
The region of the frontal lobe that plans and coordinates movement.