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ISSA CPT 10.0 Exam Prep > Chapter 15: Supplementation > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Supplementation Flashcards

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1
Q

Vitamins

A

Organic compounds essential for normal growth and nutrition.

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2
Q

Minerals

A

Elements in food that the body needs to develop and function.

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3
Q

Dietary Supplement

A

A product containing one or more dietary ingredients that is intended to supplement a person’s nutrition plan.

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4
Q

Dietary Ingredient

A

A vitamin, mineral, herb, botanical, or amino acid used to supplement a nutrition plan to increase total dietary intake of ingredients.

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5
Q

Herb

A

Any plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers used for flavoring food and medicine.

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6
Q

Botanical

A

Substance obtained from a plant and used as an additive.

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7
Q

Amino Acid

A

A simple organic compound known as the building block of proteins.

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8
Q

Performance Supplements

A

Supplements intended to help enhance athletic performance.

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9
Q

Ergogenic Aids

A

Substances that enhance energy production and provide athletes with a competitive advantage.

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10
Q

FDA

A

A US federal department that regulates the production and distribution of food, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, and other consumer products.

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11
Q

Anemia

A

A condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood resulting in extreme fatigue.

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12
Q

Dietary Reference Intakes

A

A set of standards estimating how much of a nutrient should be ingested that is used in planning eating patterns for healthy individuals.

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13
Q

Recommended Daily Allowance

A

The average daily level of intake that is sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy people.

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14
Q

Multivitamins

A

Supplements or pills containing a combination of vitamins and minerals.

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15
Q

Daily Value (DV)

A

Reference amounts expressed in grams, milligrams, or micrograms of nutrients to consume or not to exceed each day.

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16
Q

Fortified

A

Having had vitamins or other supplements added so as to increase the nutritional value.

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17
Q

Upper Limit (UL)

A

The highest level of nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects for almost all individuals in the general population.

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18
Q

International Units (IU)

A

The quantity of a substance that has a biological effect. Amount varies depending on the substance.

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19
Q

Intrinsic Factor (IF)

A

A substance secreted by the stomach that enables the body to absorb vitamin B12.

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20
Q

Satiety

A

The feeling of fullness and satisfaction.

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21
Q

Energy Balance

A

The state achieved when energy intake is equal to energy expenditure.

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22
Q

Creatine Monohydrate

A

An organic compound that increases phosphocreatine levels and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy production leading to enhanced strength and power.

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23
Q

Antioxidant effect on exercise and performance

A

Minimizes free radical damage to skeletal muscle

Reduces muscle fatigue, inflammation, and soreness

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24
Q

Arginine effect on exercise and performance

A

Increases blood flow and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to muscle

Increases secretion of human growth hormone

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25
Q

Beta-alanine effect on exercise and performance

A

Increases synthesis of carnosine, a dipeptide that buffers changes in muscle pH, reducing muscle fatigue

26
Q

Nitrate effect on exercise and performance

A

Dilates blood vessels in exercising muscle

Improves energy production

27
Q

Branched-Chain Amino Acids effect on exercise and performance

A

Metabolized by mitochondria in skeletal muscle to produce energy during exercise

28
Q

Branched-Chain Amino Acids

A

A group of three essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) that help the body build muscle and decrease muscle fatigue.

29
Q

Caffeine effect on exercise and performance

A

Reduces perceived pain and exertion and increases fat metabolism

30
Q

Calcium effect on exercise and performance

A

Improves bone and joint health and helps muscles contract

31
Q

Citrulline effect on exercise and performance

A

Increases delivery of oxygen and nutrients to muscle

32
Q

Creatine effect on exercise and performance

A

Helps muscles generate energy for short-term anaerobic activity

33
Q

Glutamine effect on exercise and performance

A

Metabolism and energy production

Improves immune function and preserves protein stores

Reduces fatigue and decreases muscle soreness

34
Q

Iron effect on exercise and performance

A

Increases oxygen uptake

Reduces heart rate and decreases lactate concentration during exercise, which in turn increases blood flow

35
Q

Catabolic

A

Metabolic activity involving the breakdown of molecules such as proteins or lipids.

36
Q

Anabolism

A

The building of complex molecules in the body from more simple, smaller molecules.

37
Q

Muscle Protein Synthesis

A

A process that produces protein to repair muscle damage and oppose muscle breakdown.

38
Q

Biological Value

A

The percentage of protein used by the body.

39
Q

Bioavailability

A

The amount of a substance that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is effective.

40
Q

Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score

A

Measures the nutritional quality of protein.

41
Q

Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score

A

Measures the amount of amino acids absorbed by the body.

42
Q

Incomplete Proteins

A

A food source that lacks one or more of the nine essential amino acids.

43
Q

Complete Protein

A

A food source containing all nine essential amino acids the body needs.

44
Q

Anticatabolic

A

Properties that protect muscle mass from being broken down.

45
Q

Refractory Period

A

A window where muscle protein synthesis (MPS) becomes resistant and amino acids are used for other processes.

46
Q

Cell Proliferation

A

The process by which a cell grows and divides to produce new cells.

47
Q

Polyunsaturated Fats

A

Fat molecules containing more than one unsaturated carbon bond, are liquid at room temperature, and solid when chilled.

48
Q

Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

A

Synthetic variations of the male sex hormone testosterone.

49
Q

Beta-Alanine

A

A nonessential amino acid that is naturally produced by the body.

50
Q

Acidosis

A

When the kidneys and lungs cannot keep the body’s pH in balance due to excess acid in body fluids.

51
Q

BCAAs

A

Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine

52
Q

Stimulants

A

A class of drugs that temporarily improve physical or mental function.

53
Q

Cannabidiol (CBD) usage

A

Reduce anxiety, improve sleep, and increase weight loss

54
Q

Cinammon usage

A

Lower blood sugar by increasing insulin sensitivity

55
Q

Echinacea usage

A

Build up the immune system and protect against allergies

56
Q

Garlic usage

A

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that protect against allergies and build immunity

57
Q

Ginger usage

A

Improve the movement of food in the stomach and gut health

58
Q

Green Tea usage

A

Increase norepinephrine and induce fat loss

59
Q

Hoodia usage

A

Increase fat loss

60
Q

Milk thistle usage

A

Promote cell repair for liver health and detoxification

61
Q

Saw palmetto usage

A

Increase testosterone levels and improve prostate health

62
Q

Valerian usage

A

Improve sleep and reduce anxiety

ISSA CPT 10.0 Exam Prep (19 decks)

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