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Neuropsychology > chapter 3 info neuropsych > Flashcards

chapter 3 info neuropsych Flashcards

1
Q

ipsilateral

A

structures on the same side

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2
Q

contralateral

A

structures on the opposite side

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3
Q

bilateral

A

structures in both hemispheres

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4
Q

proximal

A

structures close together

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5
Q

distal

A

structures far apart

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6
Q

efferent*****

A

movement away from the brain

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7
Q

afferent****

A

movement toward the brain

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8
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

PNS

A

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

somatic nervous system (SNS)

A

spinal and cranial nerves

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11
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

balances internal organ through parasympathetic (regulating bodys unconscious actions-feed and breed), and sympathetic (homeostasis-fight or flight) nerves

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12
Q

protection of CNS

A

brain enclosed in skull, spinal cord in bony vertebrae, 3 layers of membrane (dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater), cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid that continuously circulates

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13
Q

PNS protection

A

outside bony encasements and meninges protection, more vulnerable to injury

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14
Q

2 carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries supply blood to the brain that connect to the base of brain and branch into

A

anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery

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15
Q

gray matter

A

color from capillary blood vessels and neuronal cell bodies

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16
Q

white matter

A

color form axons covered in an insulating layer of glial cells

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17
Q

reticular matter

A

color and appearance from cell bodies and axons

18
Q

layers or nuclei

A

well defined group of cell bodies

19
Q

tract

A

large collection of axons projecting to or away from layer/nucleus within CNS

20
Q

nerves

A

fibers and fiber pathways that enter CNS

21
Q

ventricles

A

hollow pockets within brain filled with CSF, lateral ventricals (1, 2)

22
Q

spinal cord

A

afferent sensory receptors, sends efferent fibers to control muscles

23
Q

30 segments in 5 regions

A 
cervical 8
thoracic 12
lumbar 5
sacral 5
coccygeal segment
24
Q

dorsal root (sensory)

A

strand of afferent fibers entering the spinal cord, carries sensory info to the brain

25
Q

ventral root (motor)

A

strand of efferent fibers leaving the spinal cord, carries motor info to the body

26
Q

bell-magendie law

A

principle that dorsal part of SC in sensory and ventral part is motor

27
Q

flexion

extension

A

flex-stimulation of pain receptors, bring in

extension-stimulation of fine touch, bring out

28
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arouses body for fight or flight, thoracic and lumbar regions

29
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calms body, rest and digest, connects with parasympathetic ganglia near large organs

30
Q

3 regions of brainstem

A

hindbrain, midbrain, diencephalon

31
Q

hindbrain

A

cerebellum (coordinates and helps learn skilled movements), reticular formation (maintains general arousal, responsiveness), pons and medulla (serve many functions-waking, sleeping, locomotion)

32
Q

midbrain

A

tectum (dorsal location, roof, sensory input from eyes and ears), tegmentum (ventral location, floor, superior colliculi (eyes) inferior colliculi (ears), orientation of movement to sensory input), red nucleus (limb movement), substantia nigra (reward), periacqueductal grey (species typical behaviors, pain response)

33
Q

diencephalon

A

hypothalamus (motivated behavior), epithalamus (biorhythms), thalamus (relay station)

34
Q

forebrain

A

basal ganglia
limbic system
cerebral cortex

35
Q

basal ganglia

A

collection of nuclei that includes putamen, globus pallidus(parkinsons) and caudate nucleus (huntingtons), supports stimulus response learning, sequencing movements

36
Q

basal ganglia disease

A

huntingons chorea-genetic disorder, cell death in BG, dance like movements
parkinsons disease-substantia nigra to basal ganglia projection dies, tremors in hands and legs, rigid movement and difficulty maintaining balance
tourettes syndrome-involuntary motor tics, complex movements

37
Q

limbic system

A

amygdala (emotion and species typical behavior), hippocampus (memory and spatial navigation), septum (emotion and species typical behavior), cingulate cortex

38
Q

neocortex

A

expanded most during evolution, 80% of brain, 6 layers

39
Q

fissure

A

cleft in cortex deep enough to indent ventricles

40
Q

sulci

A

shallow cleft in cortex

41
Q

gyri

A

ridge

42
Q

projection map

A

inputs and outputs in cortex, primary areas (lobes), secondary areas, tertiary areas, Brodmann’s Map organized based on distribution of cells

Neuropsychology (10 decks)

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