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Neuropsychology > ch 15 temporal lobe > Flashcards

ch 15 temporal lobe Flashcards

1
Q

temporal lobe located

A

below the sylvian fissure, anterior to occipital cortex

3 subcortical strucutres: limbic cortex, amygdala, hippocampus

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2
Q

subdivisions of temporal lobe

A

10 temporal areas
lateral surface-auditory areas, ventral stream of visual information (inferotemporal cortex)
insula-under sylvian fissure, gustatory cortex, auditory association cortex
multimodal cotex-area under STS, input from multiple areas
medial temporal (limbic cortex)-amyg(uncus), hipp(subiculum, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex), fusiform gyrus (lateral temp cortex)
TH&TF-posterior end of temporal lobe

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3
Q

connections

A

afferent projections from sensory systems, efferent projections to parietal and frontal association regions (limbic system and basal ganglia)
L&R connected by corpus callosum and anterior commissure

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4
Q

5 connections: hierarchial sensory pathway

A

stimulus recognition, incoming auditory and visual info, progression from primary and secondary auditory and visual areas that end in temporal pole, visual projections from ventral stream processing, auditory projections from parallel ventral stream auditory processing

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5
Q

5 connections: dorsal auditory pathways (where)

A

location and movement, auditory cortex to posterior parietal, analogous to dorsal visual pathway-directing movements in respect to auditory info, role in detecting spatial location of auditory inputs

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6
Q

5 connections: polymodal pathway

A

auditory and visual areas to polymodal cortex, stimulus categorization, parallel projections from visual and auditory in STS

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7
Q

5 connections: medial temporal projection

A

long term memory, medial temporal lobe (perforant pathway-auditory and visual area), limbic cortex, hippocampus, amygdala

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8
Q

5 connections: frontal lobe projection

A

auditory and visual cortex to frontal lobe, movement control, short term memory, affect, temporal association areas to frontal lobe

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9
Q

3 basic sensory functions

A

processing auditory input, visual object recognition, long term storage of info

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10
Q

sensory processes

A

identification and categorization of stimuli, cross modal matching (matching visual and auditory info, depends on STS), object recognition (ventral visual), object categories-helps perception/memory (inferior temporal), cross modal matching(matching visual and auditory info), long term memory processes depend on entire ventral visual stream and paralimbic cortex

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11
Q

affective responses

A

emotional response associated with a particular stimulus
heart rate and blood pressure increase-amyg funct
sensory input and emotion association critical for learning

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12
Q

spatial navigation

A

hippocampus, spatial memory, cells code places in spaces

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13
Q

biological motion

A

movements relevant to species, allow us to guess others intentions, social cognition (theory of mind)-imaging reveals activation in STS during perception of biological motion, STS cells thought to play role in social cognition(awareness)

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14
Q

hasson and friends-fMRI monitored cortical activity during film viewing, found

A

extensive activity in auditory and visual regions in temporal lobe, STS and cingulate regions
selective activation to precise moment to moment film content
regions of pari and frontal lobes show no intersubject coherence

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15
Q

tahaka and friends found

A

cells in TE area require complex features for activation, cells with similar selectivity cluster in vertical columns, specificity of neurons is altered by experience

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16
Q

faces

A

special face processing pathway-diff aspects of face perception analyzed in temporal part of ventral stream
R more important in face procession-split faces

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17
Q

auditory processing-speech perception

A

sounds come from 3 restricted ranges of frequencies (formants), vary from 1 context to another but perceived the same way, sounds change rapidly in relation to 1 another-sequential order important to understanding(perceive speech at avg rate of 8-10 seg/sec, nonspeech at 5seg/sec)
L temp lobe

18
Q

auditory processing-music perception

A

relies on relation between elements-classified by arrangement of pitches duration and intervals between
loudness-magnitude of a sensation as judged by given person
timbre-distinctive characteristic of a sound
pitch-position of a sound in a musical scale as judged by listener–periodicity pitch(determinity pitch of fundamental freq), spectral pitch(perceive complex tones of harmonies), emotion/prosody
L plays role in grouping for rhythm, R role in meter
R extracting pitch from sound-prosody
musicians have larger grey and white matter in heschl’s gyru (L)
pitch listeners-L asymmetry
spectral pitch listeners R asymmetry

19
Q

L asymmetry

A

verbal memory, speech processing

20
Q

R asymmetry

A

nonverbal memory, musical processing, facial processing

21
Q

symptoms of lesions

A

auditory disturbance, disorders of music perception, disturbance of selection of visual and auditory input, impaired organization and categorization, inability to use contextual info, long term memory problems, altered personality and affective behavior, altered sexual behavior

22
Q

imaging auditory hallucinations

A

auditory hallucinations most common in schizophrenia, patients hear fully formed verbal passages that may be hostile or paranoid, activate primary auditory cortex, brocas area, speech zone in posterior temporal cortex

23
Q

disorders of auditory and speech perception

A

bilateral damage=cortical deafness-absence of activity in auditory regions, 50-60ms between sounds, with damage 500ms, L temp lesions=wernickes aphasia

24
Q

disorders of auditory and speech perception-auditory hallucinations

A

perception of sounds not present

25
Q

disorders of auditory and speech perception-impaired auditory processing

A

have trouble discriminating speech sounds

26
Q

disorders of auditory and speech perception-speech disorders

A

wernicke’s aphasia-disturbed word recognition

27
Q

disorders of auditory and speech perception-disorders of music perceptions

A

R superior temporal gyrus damage affects rhythm discrimination, meter discrimination affected by anterior damage to R or L lobe, congenital amusia (tone deaf), R temp lesions affect pitch discriminations
spectral sensitivity-L concerned with speed, R with distinguishing frequency diff

28
Q

disorders of visual perception

A

impaired at object recognition, complex pattern recognition, R lesions lead to abnormal face perception and biological motion recognition, R lesion and faces in L visual field troubles

29
Q

disturbance of selection of visual and auditory input

A

selective attention to auditory input is impaired in patients with temporal lobe damage and can be tested with dichotic listening
L damage impairs recall of visual stimuli in R visual field
R damage impairs recall of visual stimuli in both visual fields

30
Q

L temp lobe lobectomies lead to

A

impairment in ability to categorize words or pics of objects

31
Q

posterior lesions lead to

A

difficulty in recognizing specific word categories

32
Q

contextual info

A

stimuli interpreted in diff ways depending on context

33
Q

memory-antereograde amnesia

A

amnesia for events after bilateral removal of medial temporal lobes

34
Q

memory-inferotemporal cortex

A

conscious recall of info

35
Q

memory-L temp lobe

A

verbal memory

36
Q

memory-R temp lobe

A

impaired recall of nonverbal material

37
Q

Affect and personality

A

stimulation of anterior and medial temporal cortex produces feelings of fear
temporal lobe personality–personality that overemphasizes trivial and petty details of life, pedantic speech, egocentricity, perseveration, paranoi, preoccupation with religion, proneness to aggression

38
Q

changes in sexual behavior after

A

bilateral lobe damage

39
Q

general function

A

affect and personality, memory disturbance, transient disturbance of language

40
Q

anatomy

A

tissue under lateral/sylvan fissure and anterior to occipital lobe
limbic cortex, amyg, hipp–subcortical structures
connections to and from extend throughout brain

41
Q

visual processing theory

A

ventral visual stream processed in regions specializing in face/object recognition, large expanse in brain responsible to naturalistic audiovisual stimuli, view faces (high activity in fusiform face area), broad scenes-parahippocampal place area, static views places/faces-same regions

42
Q

organization and categorization symptoms

A

L temp damage-can’t categorize words or pics, semantic categories-hierarchies of meanings where 1 word goes in multiple categories, post temp damage can recognize broad categories but not specific

Neuropsychology (10 decks)

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