chapter 1 info neuropsych

Question 1

frontal lobe

Answer 1

organization, direction, inhibition

Question 2

parietal lobe

Answer 2

touch and proprioception (know where body is in space), synthesis

Question 3

occipital lobe

Answer 3

visual

Question 4

cerebellum

Answer 4

monitors and regulars motor behavior, learning and attention

Question 5

brain stem

Answer 5

maintains homeostasis, controls autonomic functions (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure)

Question 6

limbic system

Answer 6

instinct and mood, controls emotions and drives

Question 7

corpus callosum

Answer 7

bundles of fibers that connect the left and right brain

Question 8

temporal lobe

Answer 8

hearing, face/object recognition, emotional reactions

Question 9

language in

Answer 9

left brain

Question 10

logic in

Answer 10

left brain

Question 11

calculations in

Answer 11

left brain

Question 12

L/R orientation in

Answer 12

left brain

Question 13

finger naming in

Answer 13

left brain

Question 14

speech (motor movement)

Answer 14

left brain (brocas area)

Question 15

right hemibody, hemispace

Answer 15

left brain

Question 16

arousal in

Answer 16

right brain

Question 17

spatial (neglect) in

Answer 17

right brain

Question 18

visuomotor in

Answer 18

right brain

Question 19

emotion in

Answer 19

right brain

Question 20

awareness in

Answer 20

right brain

Question 21

prosody (tone of voice)

Answer 21

right brain

Question 22

left hemibody and hemispace in

Answer 22

right brain

Question 23

neuropsychology is

Answer 23

the scientific study of the relationship between behavior and brain

Question 24

the brain is

Answer 24

an old english word for tissue around skull, 2 symmetrical hemispheres connected by commissures

Question 25

gyri

Answer 25

folds of cortex

Question 26

sulci

Answer 26

creases between folds, fissures

Question 27

forebrain

Answer 27

cerebral cortex, performs higher function like thinking, perception and planning

Question 28

brainstem

Answer 28

underlying tube, performs regulatory and movement producing functions

Question 29

spinal cord

Answer 29

connected to brainstem and descends down back, performs regulatory and movement functions

Question 30

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 30

brain and spinal cord, tissue doesn't regenerate after damage

Question 31

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 31

somatic and autonomic, fibers that carry info to and from CNS, tissue can regenerate after damage

Question 32

Aristotle's theory of the mind

Answer 32

psyche-nonmaterial, responsible for human thoughts perceptions and emotions, mentalism (idea that mind is responsible for behavior)

Question 33

Descartes: mind-body problem

Answer 33

body is material and performs like a machine, while the mind is nonmaterial and decides what movements the machine should make. How can nonmaterial mind produce movement in material body

Question 34

dualism

Answer 34

position that the mind and body are separate but interact

Question 35

darwin and materialism

Answer 35

materialism is rational behavior can be fully explained by the workings of the nervous system

Question 36

localization of function

Answer 36

idea that different parts of the brain perform different functions

Question 37

Franz Josef Gali and Johann Casper Spurzheim studied depressions and bumps in skill

Answer 37

called phrenology-laid foundation for modern localization of function. cranioscopy is the method used to measure bumps and depressions for personality assessments

Question 38

broca's aphasia

Answer 38

left hemisphere, problem producing speech

Question 39

Wernicke's aphasia

Answer 39

left hemisphere, back of brain, understanding speech

Question 40

wernicke produced

Answer 40

first model for organization of language. wernickes area connected to brocas aread via arcuate fasciculus-conduction aphasia. geschwind updated in 1960s

Question 41

Flourens removed areas of cortex of animal brains and studied resulting changes in behavior

Answer 41

found no specialization for areas of cortex, specialization of brainstem, refuted localiztion of function

Question 42

hierarchial organization

Answer 42

each successively higher level of the neurons system controls more complex aspects of behavior, after damage to higher level behavior becomes more simple

Question 43

HM

Answer 43

amnesia, but could learn procedural memory, proves no 1 localization in brain for memory

Question 44

ventral stream

Answer 44

"what" stream, mediates actions controlled by conscious visual perception

Question 45

dorsal stream

Answer 45

"where" stream, vision for action without conscious awareness

Question 46

neuron hypothesis

Answer 46

neurons: are discrete, send electrical signal, communicate with each other via chemical signal(neurotransmitter) across synapse

Question 47

glia

Answer 47

nervous system cell, holds neurons together, carry out supportive functions

Question 48

neurons

Answer 48

nervous system cell, acquire process and act on info, cell body, dendrites and axons

Question 49

electrical activity

Answer 49

stimulates brain to induce movement, transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 50

Donald Hebb-Hebb or plastic synapses

Answer 50

when cells activated at same time, establish or strengthen the synapse, brain is plastic and constantly changing

Question 51

brain imagine

Answer 51

produces 2&3 dimensional images of the brain using computers

Question 52

computerized tomography (CT)

Answer 52

passage of xrays through head, quick and cheap

Question 53

positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 53

injection of radioactive substances into the blood, substance gives off photons as it decays, computers detect photon origins and construct image of brain

Question 54

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 54

identifies location of moving molecules by detecting electrical charge generated by movement, high resolution