chapter 1 info neuropsych Flashcards
frontal lobe
organization, direction, inhibition
parietal lobe
touch and proprioception (know where body is in space), synthesis
occipital lobe
visual
cerebellum
monitors and regulars motor behavior, learning and attention
brain stem
maintains homeostasis, controls autonomic functions (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure)
limbic system
instinct and mood, controls emotions and drives
corpus callosum
bundles of fibers that connect the left and right brain
temporal lobe
hearing, face/object recognition, emotional reactions
language in
left brain
logic in
left brain
calculations in
left brain
L/R orientation in
left brain
finger naming in
left brain
speech (motor movement)
left brain (brocas area)
right hemibody, hemispace
left brain
arousal in
right brain
spatial (neglect) in
right brain
visuomotor in
right brain
emotion in
right brain
awareness in
right brain
prosody (tone of voice)
right brain
left hemibody and hemispace in
right brain
neuropsychology is
the scientific study of the relationship between behavior and brain
the brain is
an old english word for tissue around skull, 2 symmetrical hemispheres connected by commissures
gyri
folds of cortex
sulci
creases between folds, fissures
forebrain
cerebral cortex, performs higher function like thinking, perception and planning
brainstem
underlying tube, performs regulatory and movement producing functions
spinal cord
connected to brainstem and descends down back, performs regulatory and movement functions
central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord, tissue doesn’t regenerate after damage
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
somatic and autonomic, fibers that carry info to and from CNS, tissue can regenerate after damage
Aristotle’s theory of the mind
psyche-nonmaterial, responsible for human thoughts perceptions and emotions, mentalism (idea that mind is responsible for behavior)
Descartes: mind-body problem
body is material and performs like a machine, while the mind is nonmaterial and decides what movements the machine should make. How can nonmaterial mind produce movement in material body
dualism
position that the mind and body are separate but interact
darwin and materialism
materialism is rational behavior can be fully explained by the workings of the nervous system
localization of function
idea that different parts of the brain perform different functions
Franz Josef Gali and Johann Casper Spurzheim studied depressions and bumps in skill
called phrenology-laid foundation for modern localization of function. cranioscopy is the method used to measure bumps and depressions for personality assessments
broca’s aphasia
left hemisphere, problem producing speech
Wernicke’s aphasia
left hemisphere, back of brain, understanding speech
wernicke produced
first model for organization of language. wernickes area connected to brocas aread via arcuate fasciculus-conduction aphasia. geschwind updated in 1960s
Flourens removed areas of cortex of animal brains and studied resulting changes in behavior
found no specialization for areas of cortex, specialization of brainstem, refuted localiztion of function
hierarchial organization
each successively higher level of the neurons system controls more complex aspects of behavior, after damage to higher level behavior becomes more simple
HM
amnesia, but could learn procedural memory, proves no 1 localization in brain for memory
ventral stream
“what” stream, mediates actions controlled by conscious visual perception
dorsal stream
“where” stream, vision for action without conscious awareness
neuron hypothesis
neurons: are discrete, send electrical signal, communicate with each other via chemical signal(neurotransmitter) across synapse
glia
nervous system cell, holds neurons together, carry out supportive functions
neurons
nervous system cell, acquire process and act on info, cell body, dendrites and axons
electrical activity
stimulates brain to induce movement, transcranial magnetic stimulation
Donald Hebb-Hebb or plastic synapses
when cells activated at same time, establish or strengthen the synapse, brain is plastic and constantly changing
brain imagine
produces 2&3 dimensional images of the brain using computers
computerized tomography (CT)
passage of xrays through head, quick and cheap
positron emission tomography (PET)
injection of radioactive substances into the blood, substance gives off photons as it decays, computers detect photon origins and construct image of brain
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
identifies location of moving molecules by detecting electrical charge generated by movement, high resolution
