Chapter 3: How citizens' rights have changed and developed over time Flashcards
What happened, in 1215?
In 1215, the English Barons forced King John to sign Magna Carta
What is Magna Carta also called?
Magna Carta is also called the Great Charter
Magna Carta
Magna Carta is a charter of liberties that said the actions of the King were subject to the law
A quote from Magna Carta
A quote from Magna Carta is: ''No free man shall be: 1. Taken Or, 2. Imprisoned Or, 3. Dispossessed Or, 4. Outlawed Or, 5. Exiled Or, 6. In any way ruined ,nor will we go, or send against him, except by the lawful judgement of his peers, or by the law of the land''
Over the centuries as the rights of individuals developed, Magna Carta was always what?
Over the centuries as the rights of individuals developed, Magna Carta was always sacrosanct
Sacrosanct
Sacrosanct is when a: 1. Place 2. Routine Or, 3. Principle is regarded as too valuable, or important to be interfered with
Over the centuries as the rights of individuals developed, Magna Carta was always sacrosanct.
Any conflicting statutes were what?
Any conflicting statutes were ruled invalid
Statute
A statute is a written law passed by a legislative body
Where did Magna Carta play a central role?
Magna Carta played a central role in the 17th century
Magna Carta played a central role in the 17th century, during the conflict between the King and Parliament.
In 18th century America, where did Magna Carta and its principles play an important part?
In 18th century America, Magna Carta and its principles played an important part in the:
- Rebellion against the British
- Subsequent founding Constitution of the federal United States
From Magna Carta in 1215, there began the development of what?
From Magna Carta in 1215, there began the development of basic legal rights:
- The right to a free trial
- The use of juries
- Not being arrested without reason
From Magna Carta in 1215, there began the development of basic legal rights, the right to a free trial, the use of juries and not being arrested without reason.
From this grew a call for what?
From this grew a call for political rights
Women did not get the right to vote until when?
Women did not get the right to vote until 1918
Women did not get the right to vote until 1918, when they could vote at the age of 28.
Women got the vote at 21 when?
Women got the vote at 21 in 1928
Women did not get the right to vote until 1918, when they could vote at the age of 28.
Women got the vote at 21 in 1928, 10 years after they got the initial right to vote, at the age of 28.
What happened, in 1971?
In 1971, the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18
From Magna Carta in 1215, there began the development of basic legal rights.
From this grew a call for political rights, with major changes taking place in the 19th and 20th centuries.
What continued into the 19th century?
Campaigns regarding religious rights continued into the 19th century
Campaigns regarding religious rights continued into the 19th century.
Male Roman Catholics were only given the vote when?
Male Roman Catholics were only given the vote in 1829
Campaigns regarding religious rights continued into the 19th century.
Male Roman Catholics were only given the vote in 1829.
What happened, in 1832?
In 1832, the first major reform of:
1. Who could vote
2. The size and distribution of parliamentary seats
took place
From Magna Carta in 1215, there began the development of basic legal rights.
From this grew a call for political rights, with major changes taking place in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Campaigns regarding religious rights continued into the 19th century.
What happened, as the UK became an industrial society in the 19th century?
As the UK became an industrial society in the 19th century, campaigns took place to develop economic rights
As the UK became an industrial society in the 19th century, campaigns took place to develop economic rights.
Example
For example, the right to:
1. Form
2. Join
a trade union
From Magna Carta in 1215, there began the development of basic legal rights.
From this grew a call for political rights, with major changes taking place in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Campaigns regarding religious rights continued into the 19th century.
As the UK became an industrial society in the 19th century, campaigns took place to develop economic rights.
What happened, in the 20th century?
In the 20th century, the idea of welfare rights developed in the UK
In the 20th century, the idea of welfare rights developed in the UK.
Citizens now have an expectation that certain services and benefits are provided for everyone.
Examples
For example:
- Education
- Health care
- Pensions
- Unemployment benefit
In the 20th century, the idea of welfare rights developed in the UK.
In recent years, rights relating to what have become the basis for changes in law?
In recent years, rights relating to a citizen’s personal life have become the basis for changes in law
In recent years, rights relating to a citizen’s personal life have become the basis for changes in law.
Example
For example:
- Equal opportunities legislation
- Equal pay
- Issues relating to sexuality
What are there currently growing calls in regard to?
There are currently growing calls in regard to rights concerning:
- Global issues
- Environmental issues
In 1965, what did the Law Commission, which was reviewing the repeal of out-of-date laws, decide?
In 1965, the Law Commission, which was reviewing the repeal of out-of-date laws, decided that 8 chapters of Magna Carta:
1. Were of no practical use today
Or,
2. Had been superseded by more recent legislation
In 1965, the Law Commission, which was reviewing the repeal of out-of-date laws, decided that 8 chapters of Magna Carta were of no practical use today, or had been superseded by more recent legislation.
What did legislation passed in 1970 do?
Legislation passed in 1970 retained 4 chapters of Magna Carta
In 1998, what did Parliament do?
In 1998, Parliament passed the Human Rights Act (HRA)
The Human Rights Act (HRA) was passed in 1998 and came into force in when?
The Human Rights Act (HRA):
- Was passed in 1998
- Came into force in 2000
In 1998, Parliament passed the Human Rights Act (HRA).
The Human Rights Act is seen as a major codification of what?
The Human Rights Act is seen as a major codification of the law relating to human rights
The Human Rights Act is seen as a major codification of the law relating to human rights.
Whilst it did not extend existing human rights, what did it ensure?
Whilst the HRA did not extend existing human rights, it did ensure that they were embraced within a single Act
The Human Rights Act is seen as a major codification of the law relating to human rights.
Whilst the HRA did not extend existing human rights, it did ensure that they were embraced within a single Act.
What did this act also ensure?
The HRA also ensured that the European Convention on Human Rights was embedded in UK law
The Human Rights Act is seen as a major codification of the law relating to human rights.
Whilst the HRA did not extend existing human rights, it did ensure that they were embraced within a single Act.
The HRA also ensured that the European Convention on Human Rights was embedded in UK law.
This meant that UK citizens could do what?
This meant that UK citizens could:
- Bring cases before UK Courts
- Have them resolved without having to go to the Court in Strasbourg
The current government is in the process of considering a distinct what?
The current government is in the process of considering a distinct British Bill of Rights
Magna Carta is a charter of liberties that said the actions of the King were subject to the law.
It established what?
Magna Carta established the:
1. Rights
2. Powers
of the King and the people of England
Magna Carta played a central role in the 17th century, during what?
Magna Carta played a central role in the 17th century, during the conflict between:
- The King
- Parliament
From Magna Carta in 1215, there began the development of basic legal rights, the right to a free trial, the use of juries and not being arrested without reason.
From this grew a call for political rights, with major changes taking place when with the right to vote?
From this grew a call for political rights, with major changes taking place in the:
1. 19th
2. 20th
centuries with the right to vote
Women did not get the right to vote until 1918, when they could vote at the age of what?
Women did not get the right to vote until 1918, when they could vote at the age of 28
Women did not get the right to vote until 1918, when they could vote at the age of 28.
Women got the vote at 21 in 1928, 10 years after what?
Women got the vote at 21 in 1928, 10 years after they got the initial right to vote at the age of 28
From Magna Carta in 1215, there began the development of basic legal rights.
From this grew a call for political rights, with major changes taking place in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Campaigns regarding religious rights continued into the 19th century.
As the UK became an industrial society in the 19th century, campaigns took place to develop economic rights.
In 1834, some farm labourers from Dorset, known as the Tolpuddle Martyrs, were what?
In 1834, some farm labourers from Dorset, known as the Tolpuddle Martyrs, were sent as convict prisoners to Australia
From Magna Carta in 1215, there began the development of basic legal rights.
From this grew a call for political rights, with major changes taking place in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Campaigns regarding religious rights continued into the 19th century.
As the UK became an industrial society in the 19th century, campaigns took place to develop economic rights.
In 1834, some farm labourers from Dorset, known as the Tolpuddle Martyrs, were sent as convict prisoners to Australia, because they did what?
In 1834, some farm labourers from Dorset, known as the Tolpuddle Martyrs, were sent as convict prisoners to Australia, because they swore an illegal oath on joining an agricultural workers’ trade union
From Magna Carta in 1215, there began the development of basic legal rights.
From this grew a call for political rights, with major changes taking place in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Campaigns regarding religious rights continued into the 19th century.
As the UK became an industrial society in the 19th century, campaigns took place to develop economic rights.
In the 20th century, the idea of welfare rights developed in the UK.
Citizens now have an expectation that what?
Citizens now have an expectation that certain:
1. Services
2. Benefits
are provided for everyone
In recent years, rights relating to a citizen’s personal life have become the basis for changes in law.
For example, equal opportunities legislation, equal pay and issues relating to sexuality, such as what?
For example, equal opportunities legislation, equal pay and issues relating to sexuality, such as:
- Homosexual law reform
- The concept of civil partnership and equal marriage rights
The Human Rights Act (HRA) was passed in 1998 and came into force in 2000.
It brought together what?
The Human Rights Act (HRA) brought together numerous pieces of human rights legislation
The Human Rights Act (HRA) was passed in 1998 and came into force in 2000
It brought together numerous pieces of human rights legislation and enabled UK citizens easier access to what?
The Human Rights Act (HRA):
- Brought together numerous pieces of human rights legislation
- Enabled UK citizens easier access to the European Court of Human Rights
The Human Rights Act is seen as a major codification of the law relating to human rights.
Whilst the HRA did not extend existing human rights, it did ensure that they were embraced within a single Act.
The HRA also ensured that the European Convention on Human Rights was embedded in UK law.
This meant that UK Courts had to do what, when arriving at their own decisions?
This meant that UK Courts had to:
1. Abide by
2. Take account of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg
,when arriving at their own decisions
The Human Rights Act is seen as a major codification of the law relating to human rights.
Whilst the HRA did not extend existing human rights, it did ensure that they were embraced within a single Act.
The HRA also ensured that the European Convention on Human Rights was embedded in UK law.
This meant that UK public bodies had to do what?
This meant that UK public bodies had to abide by the European Convention on Human Rights
The current government is in the process of considering a distinct British Bill of Rights, due to concern about the what?
The current government is in the process of considering a distinct British Bill of Rights, due to concern about the workings of the European Court of Human Rights
