Chapter 3 - Food

Question 1

biomolecules

Answer 1

chemicals made inside a living thing

Question 2

what’s the general formula for carbohydrates

Answer 2

Cx(H20)y

Question 3

monosaccharide

Answer 3

carbohydrate composed of a single sugar unit

Question 4

disaccharide

Answer 4

carbohydrate composed of two sugar units joined together

Question 5

polysaccharide

Answer 5

carbohydrate composed of many sugar units

Question 6

example of a monosaccharide

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

example of a disaccharide

Answer 7

maltose or sucrose

Question 8

example of a storage polysaccharide in animals

Answer 8

glycogen

Question 9

example of a structural polysaccharide

Answer 9

cellulose

Question 10

example of a storage polysaccharide in plants

Answer 10

starch

Question 11

structural role of carbohydrates

Answer 11

cellulose in plant cell walls

Question 12

metabolic role of carbohydrates

Answer 12

glucose broken down in respiration to release energy used to carry out other metabolic reactions

Question 13

triglyceride

Answer 13

glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 14

phospholipid

Answer 14

fat-like substance in which one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group or has a phosphate group added to it

Question 15

structural role of lipids

Answer 15

important energy stores/phospholipids in cell membranes

Question 16

metabolic role of lipids

Answer 16

broken down in respiration to release energy

Question 17

structural role of proteins

Answer 17

keratin in hair and nails/myosin in muscles

Question 18

metabolic role of proteins

Answer 18

used as enzymes to control reactions

Question 19

name a water soluble vitamin and it’s metabolic role

Answer 19

vitamin c - formation of connective tissue and helping wounds to heal

Question 20

vitamin c deficiency

Answer 20

scurvy- bleeding gums and loose teeth

Question 21

name a fat soluble vitamin and it’s metabolic role

Answer 21

vitamin d - needed for healthy bone and tooth formation

Question 22

vitamin d deficiency

Answer 22

rickets in children/osteomalacia in adults - weak deformed bones

Question 23

importance of water in living things

Answer 23

1. liquid in which metabolic reactions take place
2. good solvent - used for transport of molecules in plants and animals
3. good absorber of heat- keeps temperature stable

Question 24

2 minerals in plants and their roles

Answer 24

magnesium - helps form chlorophyll

calcium - helps cell walls attach to each other

Question 25

2 minerals in animals and their roles

Answer 25

iron - helps form haemoglobin

calcium - helps form bones and teeth

Question 26

anabolic reaction

Answer 26

uses energy to convert smaller molecules into larger molecules

Question 27

example of an anabolic reaction in plants

Answer 27

photosynthesis - carbon dioxide and water used to make glucose

Question 28

catabolic reaction

Answer 28

releases energy when a complex molecule is broken down into a simpler form

Question 29

example of a catabolic reaction in plants

Answer 29

respiration - food molecules broken down to release energy

Question 30

example of a catabolic reaction in animals

Answer 30

digestion

Question 31

example of an anabolic reaction in animals

Answer 31

protein synthesis