Chapter 3 - Food Flashcards
biomolecules
chemicals made inside a living thing
what’s the general formula for carbohydrates
Cx(H20)y
monosaccharide
carbohydrate composed of a single sugar unit
disaccharide
carbohydrate composed of two sugar units joined together
polysaccharide
carbohydrate composed of many sugar units
example of a monosaccharide
glucose
example of a disaccharide
maltose or sucrose
example of a storage polysaccharide in animals
glycogen
example of a structural polysaccharide
cellulose
example of a storage polysaccharide in plants
starch
structural role of carbohydrates
cellulose in plant cell walls
metabolic role of carbohydrates
glucose broken down in respiration to release energy used to carry out other metabolic reactions
triglyceride
glycerol and three fatty acids
phospholipid
fat-like substance in which one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group or has a phosphate group added to it
structural role of lipids
important energy stores/phospholipids in cell membranes
metabolic role of lipids
broken down in respiration to release energy
structural role of proteins
keratin in hair and nails/myosin in muscles
metabolic role of proteins
used as enzymes to control reactions
name a water soluble vitamin and it’s metabolic role
vitamin c - formation of connective tissue and helping wounds to heal
vitamin c deficiency
scurvy- bleeding gums and loose teeth
name a fat soluble vitamin and it’s metabolic role
vitamin d - needed for healthy bone and tooth formation
vitamin d deficiency
rickets in children/osteomalacia in adults - weak deformed bones
importance of water in living things
- liquid in which metabolic reactions take place
- good solvent - used for transport of molecules in plants and animals
- good absorber of heat- keeps temperature stable
2 minerals in plants and their roles
magnesium - helps form chlorophyll
calcium - helps cell walls attach to each other
2 minerals in animals and their roles
iron - helps form haemoglobin
calcium - helps form bones and teeth
anabolic reaction
uses energy to convert smaller molecules into larger molecules
example of an anabolic reaction in plants
photosynthesis - carbon dioxide and water used to make glucose
catabolic reaction
releases energy when a complex molecule is broken down into a simpler form
example of a catabolic reaction in plants
respiration - food molecules broken down to release energy
example of a catabolic reaction in animals
digestion
example of an anabolic reaction in animals
protein synthesis
