Chapter 36 - The Skeleton and Muscles

Question 1

The axial skeleton

Answer 1

Consists of skull, spine, sternum, rib, coccyx

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

Composed of limbs (arms and legs), pectoral (shoulder) girdle and pelvic girdle

Question 3

Pectoral girdle

Answer 3

Consists of collar bone (clavicle) and shoulder blade (scapula)

Question 4

Pelvic girdle

Answer 4

Composed of two halves of the hip joined to the sacrum

Question 5

Osteoblast

Answer 5

Bone-forming cell

Question 6

Growth plate

Answer 6

The area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis in a long bone within which growth occurs

Question 7

Osteoclast

Answer 7

Bone digesting cell (catabolic cell)

Question 8

Catabolic cell example

Answer 8

Osteoclast

Question 9

Joint

Answer 9

Where two or more bones meet

Question 10

Synovial fluid

Answer 10

Produced in movable joints to lubricate and reduce friction

Question 11

Types of joints

Answer 11

Immovable (skull, pelvic girdle), slightly movable (vertebrae, upper spinal column), synovial (shoulder and hip - ball and socket joint, elbow and knee - hinge joint)

Question 12

Ligaments

Answer 12

Strong, fibrous, slightly elastic tissues that connect bone to bone

Question 13

Tendons

Answer 13

Strong, flexible, inelastic fibres that connect muscle to bone

Question 14

Musculoskeletal disorder

Answer 14

Arthritis (most common = osteoarthritis, most severe = rheumatoid arthritis)

Question 15

Arthritis cause

Answer 15

From joint inflammation.

Question 16

Osteoarthritis cause

Answer 16

Wear and tear of cartilage in synovial joints. Underlying bones enlarge and more synovial fluid forms

Question 17

Rheumatoid arthritis cause

Answer 17

Causes genetically by the body’s immune system turning on itself (autoimmune disease)

Question 18

Arthritis prevention

Answer 18

Reduce damage to joints. Avoid running on hard surfaces, walk or swim instead