Chapter 15 - DNA and RNA

Question 1

Heredity (genetic inheritance)

Answer 1

The passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

A section of DNA that causes the production of protein

Question 3

Gene expression

Answer 3

The way in which the genetic information in a gene is decoded in the cell and used to make a protein

Question 4

Characteristics

Answer 4

Traits or features that are inherited genetically

Question 5

Non-coding DNA

Answer 5

DNA that does not cause the production of protein

Question 6

Genetic code

Answer 6

The sequence of bases in DNA that provide the instructions for a cell to form a protein

Question 7

Triplet/codon

Answer 7

A sequence of three bases in DNA (or RNA) that act as a code for an amino acid

Question 8

A DNA profile

Answer 8

A method of making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person, which can then be used to compare with the DNA profile of another person

Question 9

Forensic medicine

Answer 9

The way in which medical knowledge is used in legal situations

Question 10

Genetic screening

Answer 10

Testing DNA for the presence or absence of a particular gene or an altered gene

Question 11

Transcription

Answer 11

The copying of a sequence of genetic bases from DNA onto mRNA

Question 12

Translation

Answer 12

The conversion of a sequence of genetic bases on messenger RNA into a sequence of amino acids

Question 13

Purines

Answer 13

Adenine and guanine. Double ring molecules

Question 14

Pyrimidines

Answer 14

Thymine and cytosine. Single ring molecules

Question 15

Anticodon

Answer 15

A sequence of three bases (triplet/codon) on tRNA that are complimentary to a sequence of three bases on mRNA