Chapter 3 - Exercise Physiology Flashcards
Exercise Physiology
a sickness characterized by headaches, nausea, and lethargy that is related to acute exposure to altitude
acute mountain sickness (AMS)
the collective systems of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs that function to circulate blood in the body and exchange gasses
cardiorespiratory
the progressive reduction in voluntary drive to motor neurons during exercise
central fatigue
the loss in heat either from the core or locally that is brought on by environment, metabolism, and clothing
cold stress
when muscle length decreases during a muscle action
concentric
when muscle length increases during muscle action
eccentric
a series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria during which electrons from the hydrogen atoms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH) are transferred to oxygen. the electrochemical energy in this process is used in production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi)
electron transport chain
the net effect of chemical reaction in the body resulting in ATP production
energy metabolism
a series of chemical reactions for the conversion of glucose to pyruvate and the anaerobic production of ATP
glycolysis
an increase in core temperature collectively brought about by the environment, metabolism, and clothing
heat stress
the acute response of the blood flow and blood composition to changes in the activity state of the body
hemodynamics
the increase in ventilation seen with acute altitude exposure as a result of reduced barometric pressure and lowered arterial oxygen pressure
hypoxic ventilatory response
a series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria in which acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is oxidized, resulting in the production of 3 NADH, 1 FADH, 1 GTP, and 2 CO2.
krebs cycle
the maximum rate of oxygen that can be used for production of ATP during exercise
maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
the motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
motor unit
the loss of force or power output in response to voluntary effort leading to reduced performance
muscle fatigue
the loss of force and power that is independent of neural drive
peripheral fatigue
a direct source of pollution
primary pollutant
a pollutant formed from the interaction of a primary pollutant with an environmental factor
secondary pollutant
the recruitment of motor units in order from smallest to largest according to recruitment thresholds and firing rates, resulting in a continuum of voluntary force
size principle
