Chapter 2 - Biomechanics Flashcards

Biomechanics

1
Q

the area of the supporting surface of an object such as between and under the feet in standing or between the hands in a handstand

A

base of support

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2
Q

the study of the motion and causes of motion living things and the application of mechanical principles

A

biomechanics

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3
Q

the floating force on an object immersed in a fluid

A

buoyancy

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4
Q

the location of a theoretical point that can be used to represent the total weight (mass) of an object

A

center of gravity

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5
Q

the fluid force that acts parallel to the relative flow of fluid past an object

A

drag

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6
Q

a push or pull that tends to modify motion or the shape of an object

A

force

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7
Q

the force that acts parallel to and opposes motion between surfaces in contact

A

friction

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8
Q

the effect of force acting over time

A

impulse

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9
Q

the branch of mechanics that describes motion

A

kinematics

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10
Q

the branch of mechanics that explains the causes of motion

A

kinetics

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11
Q

the fluid force that acts at right angles to the relative flow of fluid past an object

A

lift

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12
Q

the quantity of matter in a body or substance

A

mass

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13
Q

the leverage of a force creating a torque or moment force; the perpendicular distance between the line of action of the force and the axis of rotation

A

moment arm

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14
Q

the rotating effect of a force

A

moment of force

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15
Q

a measure of the resistance of a body to angular accelerationabout a given axis

A

moment of inertia

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16
Q

the quantity of motion of an object that is equal to the product of the mass and velocity of the object

17
Q

the force acting at right angles between two surfaces in contact

A

normal reaction

18
Q

the measure of the elasticity of a material, defined as the slope of the stress-strain graph in the elastic region

19
Q

a measure of the deformation of a material when acted upon by a force

20
Q

the force per unit area in a material

21
Q

another term used to refer to a rotating effect of a force; used to refer to torsional (twisting about a longitudinal axis) moments

22
Q

a quantity that has both magnitude (size) and direction

23
Q

states a body continues in its state of rest, or uniform motion in a straight line, unless a force acts upon it; Newton’s First Law

A

law of inertia

24
Q

the acceleration an object experiences is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object in that direction and is inversely proportional to the object’s mass; Newton’s Second Law

A

law of acceleration

25
for every force there is an equal and opposite force; Newton's Third Law
law of action-reaction
26
a dimensionless ratio that is experimentally determined and describes the frictional properties between the two interacting surfaces
coefficient of static friction
27
forces that act between a person and the support surface on which that person moves
ground reaction forces
28
a material with low stiffness; where small forces can create larger deformations
compliant
29
the property of a substance of exhibiting both elastic and viscous behavior, the application of stress causing temporary deformation if the stress is quickly removed but permanent deformation if it is maintained.
viscoelasticity
30
injuries that are usually the result of high-intensity activity over an extended period without adequate rest between training sessions
overuse injuries