Chapter 2 - Biomechanics

Question 1

the area of the supporting surface of an object such as between and under the feet in standing or between the hands in a handstand

Answer 1

base of support

Question 2

the study of the motion and causes of motion living things and the application of mechanical principles

Answer 2

biomechanics

Question 3

the floating force on an object immersed in a fluid

Answer 3

buoyancy

Question 4

the location of a theoretical point that can be used to represent the total weight (mass) of an object

Answer 4

center of gravity

Question 5

the fluid force that acts parallel to the relative flow of fluid past an object

Answer 5

drag

Question 6

a push or pull that tends to modify motion or the shape of an object

Answer 6

force

Question 7

the force that acts parallel to and opposes motion between surfaces in contact

Answer 7

friction

Question 8

the effect of force acting over time

Answer 8

impulse

Question 9

the branch of mechanics that describes motion

Answer 9

kinematics

Question 10

the branch of mechanics that explains the causes of motion

Answer 10

kinetics

Question 11

the fluid force that acts at right angles to the relative flow of fluid past an object

Answer 11

lift

Question 12

the quantity of matter in a body or substance

Answer 12

mass

Question 13

the leverage of a force creating a torque or moment force; the perpendicular distance between the line of action of the force and the axis of rotation

Answer 13

moment arm

Question 14

the rotating effect of a force

Answer 14

moment of force

Question 15

a measure of the resistance of a body to angular accelerationabout a given axis

Answer 15

moment of inertia

Question 16

the quantity of motion of an object that is equal to the product of the mass and velocity of the object

Answer 16

momentum

Question 17

the force acting at right angles between two surfaces in contact

Answer 17

normal reaction

Question 18

the measure of the elasticity of a material, defined as the slope of the stress-strain graph in the elastic region

Answer 18

stiffness

Question 19

a measure of the deformation of a material when acted upon by a force

Answer 19

strain

Question 20

the force per unit area in a material

Answer 20

stress

Question 21

another term used to refer to a rotating effect of a force; used to refer to torsional (twisting about a longitudinal axis) moments

Answer 21

torque

Question 22

a quantity that has both magnitude (size) and direction

Answer 22

vector

Question 23

states a body continues in its state of rest, or uniform motion in a straight line, unless a force acts upon it; Newton’s First Law

Answer 23

law of inertia

Question 24

the acceleration an object experiences is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object in that direction and is inversely proportional to the object’s mass; Newton’s Second Law

Answer 24

law of acceleration

Question 25

for every force there is an equal and opposite force; Newton’s Third Law

Answer 25

law of action-reaction

Question 26

a dimensionless ratio that is experimentally determined and describes the frictional properties between the two interacting surfaces

Answer 26

coefficient of static friction

Question 27

forces that act between a person and the support surface on which that person moves

Answer 27

ground reaction forces

Question 28

a material with low stiffness; where small forces can create larger deformations

Answer 28

compliant

Question 29

the property of a substance of exhibiting both elastic and viscous behavior, the application of stress causing temporary deformation if the stress is quickly removed but permanent deformation if it is maintained.

Answer 29

viscoelasticity

Question 30

injuries that are usually the result of high-intensity activity over an extended period without adequate rest between training sessions

Answer 30

overuse injuries