Chapter 2 - Biomechanics Flashcards
Biomechanics
the area of the supporting surface of an object such as between and under the feet in standing or between the hands in a handstand
base of support
the study of the motion and causes of motion living things and the application of mechanical principles
biomechanics
the floating force on an object immersed in a fluid
buoyancy
the location of a theoretical point that can be used to represent the total weight (mass) of an object
center of gravity
the fluid force that acts parallel to the relative flow of fluid past an object
drag
a push or pull that tends to modify motion or the shape of an object
force
the force that acts parallel to and opposes motion between surfaces in contact
friction
the effect of force acting over time
impulse
the branch of mechanics that describes motion
kinematics
the branch of mechanics that explains the causes of motion
kinetics
the fluid force that acts at right angles to the relative flow of fluid past an object
lift
the quantity of matter in a body or substance
mass
the leverage of a force creating a torque or moment force; the perpendicular distance between the line of action of the force and the axis of rotation
moment arm
the rotating effect of a force
moment of force
a measure of the resistance of a body to angular accelerationabout a given axis
moment of inertia
the quantity of motion of an object that is equal to the product of the mass and velocity of the object
momentum
the force acting at right angles between two surfaces in contact
normal reaction
the measure of the elasticity of a material, defined as the slope of the stress-strain graph in the elastic region
stiffness
a measure of the deformation of a material when acted upon by a force
strain
the force per unit area in a material
stress
another term used to refer to a rotating effect of a force; used to refer to torsional (twisting about a longitudinal axis) moments
torque
a quantity that has both magnitude (size) and direction
vector
states a body continues in its state of rest, or uniform motion in a straight line, unless a force acts upon it; Newton’s First Law
law of inertia
the acceleration an object experiences is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object in that direction and is inversely proportional to the object’s mass; Newton’s Second Law
law of acceleration
for every force there is an equal and opposite force; Newton’s Third Law
law of action-reaction
a dimensionless ratio that is experimentally determined and describes the frictional properties between the two interacting surfaces
coefficient of static friction
forces that act between a person and the support surface on which that person moves
ground reaction forces
a material with low stiffness; where small forces can create larger deformations
compliant
the property of a substance of exhibiting both elastic and viscous behavior, the application of stress causing temporary deformation if the stress is quickly removed but permanent deformation if it is maintained.
viscoelasticity
injuries that are usually the result of high-intensity activity over an extended period without adequate rest between training sessions
overuse injuries
