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Network+ > Chapter 3: Ethernet Basics > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Ethernet Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five fields of a basic ethernet frame ?

A

Destination address, source address, type of data, data, and frame check sequence (FCS)

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2
Q

Preamble

A

8 byte series that always precedes the frame. Gives receiving NIC heads up and sending NIC attached it

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3
Q

What does the type field help with ?

A

Interpreting the frame contents at a very basic level

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4
Q

What is the minimum frame size ?

A

64 bytes

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5
Q

Pad

A

Extra filler data added to meet the minimum frame size

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6
Q

10BASE-T

A

A verzion of ethernet consisting of two or more computers connected to a central hub

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7
Q

Explain the naming convention on 10BASE-T

A

10 referring to Mbps, BASE to baseband, and T for twisted pair

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8
Q

What is the required cable and its details used for 10BASE-T ?

A

Cat 3(or higher), two pair, UTP cable

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9
Q

Which connector did 10BASE-T introduce ?

A

RJ-45

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10
Q

Which pins send data and which receive in 10BASE-T ?

A

1 and 2 send. 3 and 6 receive.

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11
Q

Can 10BASE-T send and receive data simultaneously ?

A

No

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12
Q

What is an NIC that runs half duplex mode ?

A

NICs that can only communicate in only one direction

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13
Q

What is the color code of a four-pair UTP according to TIA/EIA568A?

A

GGOBBOBrBr

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14
Q

What is the distance limitation for 10BASE-T ?

A

100 meters between the hub and computer

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15
Q

What is the distance limitation for 10BASE-T ?

A

100 meters between the hub and computer

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16
Q

What is the node limit for 10BASE-T ?

A

1024 nodes per hub

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17
Q

What is the topology used for 10BASE-T ?

A

Star-bus

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18
Q

What 3 key weaknesses did 10BASE-FL address ?

A

Used fiber optic, which could travel up to 2 kilometers, immune to EMI, and harder to tap into for security purposes

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19
Q

What are the cable details for 10BASE-FL ?

A

MMF 62.5/125 um (OM1) with ST or SC connectors

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20
Q

How do you interconnect different Ethernet versions ?

A

Media converter

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21
Q

How do ethernet networks handle the issue of potential collisions ?

A

Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)

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22
Q

Is CSMA/CD enabled in modern full-duplex networks ?

A

No

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23
Q

What happens after a collision ?

A

Both transmissions are lost, and both nodes stop transmitting.

A number is generated for waiting before trying again

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24
Q

What is a group of nodes that are able to send frames at the same time, resulting in collisions ?

A

Collision domain

25
Q

Bridge

A

Device that connects two networks and passes frames between them based on the MAC address

26
Q

What did Ethernet switches do ?

A

Created point-to-point connections between two conversing computers.

Giving full bandwidth of the network

27
Q

What does the switch copy on the MAC address table ?

A

The source MAC address

28
Q

Do switches know where to send frames initially ?

A

They forward all frames until they complete port mapping

29
Q

Is each port on a switch a collision domain ?

A

Yes

30
Q

Can switches handle two nodes sending data at the same time ?

A

Yes, they can buffer incoming frames which avoids collisions

31
Q

What are switches that filter traffic based on MAC addresses ?

A

Layer 2 switches

32
Q

Whats a common name for a switches network ?

A

Broadcast domain

33
Q

What is a switch with a single point of failure ?

A

Where all nodes are connected to that single switch

34
Q

Uplink port

A

Connect two switches using a straight-through cable

One end of the cable to uplink port and the other to any regular port

35
Q

Do modern switches need an uplink port ?

A

No, they use auto-sense

36
Q

Crossover cables

A

Twisted pair that reverses the sending and receiving pairs on one end of the cable

TIA/EIA 568A - TIA/EIA 568B

37
Q

What can crossover cables be used for today ?

A

Interconnecting older switches

38
Q

Switching loops or bridging loops

A

Redundant connections in a network

39
Q

Spanning tree protocol (STP)

A

Eliminated the problem of accidentally switching loops

40
Q

What do BPDUs help detect ?

A

Potential loops before they happen

41
Q

Special STP frames ?

A

Bridge protocol data units (BPDU)

42
Q

Root bridge

A

Where one switch is the center of STP

43
Q

What are root bridges used for ?

A

Reference point for switches to maintenance a loop-free topology

44
Q

Blocking state for certain ports

A

Doesn’t send or receive frames

45
Q

Can ports in the blocking state hear configuration BPDUs ?

A

Yes

46
Q

Topology change notification (TCN) BDPU

A

Enables the switch to rework themselves around the failed interface or device

47
Q

PortFast

A

Enables the interface to come up right away without the latency introduced by STP

48
Q

Should a switch port connected to a PC participate in STP ?

A

Never

49
Q

What switch port configuration prevents TCN BPDU from being sent out every time a PC is turned on or off ? What are some side effects ?

A

PortFast

Causes switches to flush out source address table and relearn MAC addresses

50
Q

BPDU guard

A

Moves a port configured with PortFast into an errdisable state (error occurred, disabled)

51
Q

What could happen to ports configured with PortFast when they receive a BDPU ?

A

Could start a switching loop

52
Q

Root guard

A

Moves a port into a root-inconsitent state if it’s acting as the root bridge

53
Q

Root guard

A

Moves a port into a root-inconsitent state if it’s acting as the root bridge

54
Q

What does a root-inconsistent port do automatically ?

A

Moves into a forwarding state once the BPDUs stop

55
Q

What was STP replaced with

A

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocl (RSTP)

56
Q

Speed comparison between STP and RSTP to return to convergence ?

A

50 seconds for STP and 6 seconds for RSTP

57
Q

Main problems of switches

A

Physical damage or dead ports

58
Q

5 steps for troubleshooting a switch

A

The device that plugged in can not connect to the network,
Search for obvious damage,
Check link lights,
Inspect cables,
Replace the switch or cables for a known-good device

Network+ (8 decks)

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