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Network+ > Chapter 1: Network Models > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Network Models Flashcards

1
Q

What is the OSI Model?

A

Seven layer model used by network techs for diagnosing problems, pinpoint problems at the layer it exists, and it’s a common language for network techs

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2
Q

Physical Layer (Layer1)

A

Anything that moves data from one system to another. Copper cabling, fiber optic, and radio waves are included. Doesn’t care what data goes through

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3
Q

Network interface card (NIC)

A

Interface between the PC and the network. Modern NIC built into motherboard

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4
Q

Media access control address (MAC)

A

Unique identifier burned into the ROMs of the NIC. 48 bit value and no two NICs share the same value.

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5
Q

Hexadecimal

A

Uses base 16, 0-9 are numbers and 10-15 are letters beginning with A. Works great with binary

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6
Q

Organizationally unique identifier (OUI)

A

The first six digits are assigned to the manufacturer by IEEE. The last six digits are a unique serial number to the manufacturer(device ID)

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7
Q

Extended unique identifier (EUI-48)

A

Current term for numbering space

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8
Q

How does an NIC receive or send data?

A

Uses pules of electricity, light, or radio waves

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9
Q

What is a frame ?

A

A frame is a container with information and data inside that is used for easier transmission

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10
Q

Protocol data unit (PDU)

A

Unit of data specified by a protocol at each layer

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11
Q

Can different frame types be used in different networks ?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What is in the header of an Ethernet frame ?

A

The destination MAC address, followed by the source MAC address and type of data

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13
Q

What is in the header of an Ethernet frame ?

A

The destination MAC address, followed by the source MAC address and type of data

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14
Q

What is in the payload section ?

A

Whatever is encapsulated in the frame

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15
Q

What is in the payload section ?

A

Whatever is encapsulated in the frame

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16
Q

What is in the trailer section ?

A

The frame check sequence (FCS) verifies if all the data arrived intact

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17
Q

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)

A

Binary math in the FCS used to verify the data arrived intact

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18
Q

What if a frame size is too large for the Ethernet network?

A

The sending system’s software will chop up the frames into a maximum size of 1500 bytes.

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19
Q

How does a hub send out a frame ?

A

A hub repeats the original frame out to all the ports connected except the originating port.

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20
Q

Length of FCS (bytes)

A

4 bytes

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21
Q

What does an NIC send and receive to verify the data is correct ?

A

NICs send binary math (CRC) where the receiving NIC applies the same binary math to verify they match. If not, the frame is dropped.

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22
Q

How do NICs speak on networks ?

A

NICs use frames to restrict the amount of data that each NIC can send at once in a reasonable time span.

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23
Q

What is the MAC address for the layer 2 broadcast adress ?

A

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

24
Q

What does a NIC do if it doesn’t know the MAC address of a system ?

A

It sends out a broadcast frame to all NICs on the network.

25
Q

How does the NIC send a broadcast address without knowing the MAC address?

A

It will use the IP address to target a system and receive the MAC address from the system with a matching IP address.

26
Q

Unicast frame

A

Any frame addressed to another device’s MAC address

27
Q

When does a NICs job stop ?

A

The NICs job stops once the data is passed onto the software.

28
Q

Data Link Layer (layer 2)

A

Any device that deals with MAC address (switch and NIC)

29
Q

In what layer of the OSI Model is the NIC in ?

A

Physical Layer (layer 1) and Data Link Layer (layer 2)

30
Q

What are the two jobs of the NIC?

A

Sending NICs break frames down into one’s and zeros. Receiving NICs rebuild the frame on receipt.

31
Q

Logical Link Control (LLC)

A

Part of the NIC that talks to the operating system. Handles multiple network protocols and provides flow control.

32
Q

What makes the Data Link Layer unique to other layers ?

A

Only layer that has sublayers (LLC and MAC)

33
Q

What is the job of the MAC sublayer?

A

Creates and addresses the frames. Each frame must have the sender’s and recipient’s MAC addresses

34
Q

What does the MAC sublayer add or check ?

A

Adds or checks the FCS.

Also, it checks that the data is sent along the network.

35
Q

Network protocol

A

Special software that exists in a network able operating system. Has a set of communication rules and creates a unique identifier for a system

36
Q

What is a MAC address also known as ?

A

Physical address

37
Q

What is created and addressed at the Network Layer?

A

Packets

38
Q

IP address (Logical address)

A

Unique numeric identifier

39
Q

What are two unique identifiers in a TCP/IP network ?

A

MAC address (physical) and IP address (logical)

40
Q

Does a frame encapsulate a packet ?

A

Yes

41
Q

What does the NIC driver know ?

A

Knows how to communicate with the NIC to send and receive frames

42
Q

Segmentation

A

Chop requested data fitted into packets, organized the packets for the receiving system, and handed them to the NIC for sending.

43
Q

Reassembly

A

Recognize incoming packets, reassemble packets correctly, and verify data arrived intact

44
Q

What do segments get from the transport protocol?

A

A type of sequence number

45
Q

Transport layer (Layer 4)

A

Segmentation/reassembly software. Also initializes requests for missing packets

46
Q

Which is the connection-oriented protocol?

A

Transmission control protocol (TCP)

47
Q

Is UDP connection-oriented or connectionless?

A

Connectionless

48
Q

What is a TCP segment?

A

An encapsulated container containing fields that ensure data arrives intact

49
Q

UDP datagram

A

Another container similar to a TCP segment but without the extra fields for ensuring data arrival

50
Q

See your sessions

A

CMD: netstat -a

51
Q

Session layer (Layer 5)

A

Handles all sessions between systems. Initiates, accepts, opens, and closes sessions

52
Q

Presentation layer (Layer 6)

A

Translates data from lower layers into a format usable by the Application layer

53
Q

Application layer (Layer 7)

A

Code built into operating systems that enable network-aware applications

54
Q

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)

A

Standard way for programmers to enhance or extend an application’s capabilities

55
Q

Encapsulation

A

The entire process of preparing data to go onto a network

56
Q

Decapsulation

A

Reversing the process of encapsulation by the receiving computer

Network+ (8 decks)

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