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Chapter 1: Network Models Flashcards

1
Q

What is the OSI Model?

A

Seven layer model used by network techs for diagnosing problems, pinpoint problems at the layer it exists, and it’s a common language for network techs

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2
Q

Physical Layer (Layer1)

A

Anything that moves data from one system to another. Copper cabling, fiber optic, and radio waves are included. Doesn’t care what data goes through

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3
Q

Network interface card (NIC)

A

Interface between the PC and the network. Modern NIC built into motherboard

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4
Q

Media access control address (MAC)

A

Unique identifier burned into the ROMs of the NIC. 48 bit value and no two NICs share the same value.

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5
Q

Hexadecimal

A

Uses base 16, 0-9 are numbers and 10-15 are letters beginning with A. Works great with binary

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6
Q

Organizationally unique identifier (OUI)

A

The first six digits are assigned to the manufacturer by IEEE. The last six digits are a unique serial number to the manufacturer(device ID)

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7
Q

Extended unique identifier (EUI-48)

A

Current term for numbering space

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8
Q

How does an NIC receive or send data?

A

Uses pules of electricity, light, or radio waves

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9
Q

What is a frame ?

A

A frame is a container with information and data inside that is used for easier transmission

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10
Q

Protocol data unit (PDU)

A

Unit of data specified by a protocol at each layer

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11
Q

Can different frame types be used in different networks ?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What is in the header of an Ethernet frame ?

A

The destination MAC address, followed by the source MAC address and type of data

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13
Q

What is in the header of an Ethernet frame ?

A

The destination MAC address, followed by the source MAC address and type of data

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14
Q

What is in the payload section ?

A

Whatever is encapsulated in the frame

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15
Q

What is in the payload section ?

A

Whatever is encapsulated in the frame

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16
Q

What is in the trailer section ?

A

The frame check sequence (FCS) verifies if all the data arrived intact

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17
Q

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)

A

Binary math in the FCS used to verify the data arrived intact

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18
Q

What if a frame size is too large for the Ethernet network?

A

The sending system’s software will chop up the frames into a maximum size of 1500 bytes.

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19
Q

How does a hub send out a frame ?

A

A hub repeats the original frame out to all the ports connected except the originating port.

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20
Q

Length of FCS (bytes)

A

4 bytes

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21
Q

What does an NIC send and receive to verify the data is correct ?

A

NICs send binary math (CRC) where the receiving NIC applies the same binary math to verify they match. If not, the frame is dropped.

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22
Q

How do NICs speak on networks ?

A

NICs use frames to restrict the amount of data that each NIC can send at once in a reasonable time span.

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23
Q

What is the MAC address for the layer 2 broadcast adress ?

A

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

24
Q

What does a NIC do if it doesn’t know the MAC address of a system ?

A

It sends out a broadcast frame to all NICs on the network.

25
How does the NIC send a broadcast address without knowing the MAC address?
It will use the IP address to target a system and receive the MAC address from the system with a matching IP address.
26
Unicast frame
Any frame addressed to another device's MAC address
27
When does a NICs job stop ?
The NICs job stops once the data is passed onto the software.
28
Data Link Layer (layer 2)
Any device that deals with MAC address (switch and NIC)
29
In what layer of the OSI Model is the NIC in ?
Physical Layer (layer 1) and Data Link Layer (layer 2)
30
What are the two jobs of the NIC?
Sending NICs break frames down into one's and zeros. Receiving NICs rebuild the frame on receipt.
31
Logical Link Control (LLC)
Part of the NIC that talks to the operating system. Handles multiple network protocols and provides flow control.
32
What makes the Data Link Layer unique to other layers ?
Only layer that has sublayers (LLC and MAC)
33
What is the job of the MAC sublayer?
Creates and addresses the frames. Each frame must have the sender's and recipient's MAC addresses
34
What does the MAC sublayer add or check ?
Adds or checks the FCS. Also, it checks that the data is sent along the network.
35
Network protocol
Special software that exists in a network able operating system. Has a set of communication rules and creates a unique identifier for a system
36
What is a MAC address also known as ?
Physical address
37
What is created and addressed at the Network Layer?
Packets
38
IP address (Logical address)
Unique numeric identifier
39
What are two unique identifiers in a TCP/IP network ?
MAC address (physical) and IP address (logical)
40
Does a frame encapsulate a packet ?
Yes
41
What does the NIC driver know ?
Knows how to communicate with the NIC to send and receive frames
42
Segmentation
Chop requested data fitted into packets, organized the packets for the receiving system, and handed them to the NIC for sending.
43
Reassembly
Recognize incoming packets, reassemble packets correctly, and verify data arrived intact
44
What do segments get from the transport protocol?
A type of sequence number
45
Transport layer (Layer 4)
Segmentation/reassembly software. Also initializes requests for missing packets
46
Which is the connection-oriented protocol?
Transmission control protocol (TCP)
47
Is UDP connection-oriented or connectionless?
Connectionless
48
What is a TCP segment?
An encapsulated container containing fields that ensure data arrives intact
49
UDP datagram
Another container similar to a TCP segment but without the extra fields for ensuring data arrival
50
See your sessions
CMD: netstat -a
51
Session layer (Layer 5)
Handles all sessions between systems. Initiates, accepts, opens, and closes sessions
52
Presentation layer (Layer 6)
Translates data from lower layers into a format usable by the Application layer
53
Application layer (Layer 7)
Code built into operating systems that enable network-aware applications
54
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)
Standard way for programmers to enhance or extend an application's capabilities
55
Encapsulation
The entire process of preparing data to go onto a network
56
Decapsulation
Reversing the process of encapsulation by the receiving computer

Network+ (8 decks)

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