Chapter 3: Essential Physiology

Question 1

aerobic respriation

Answer 1

a means of getting energy that requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide

Question 2

alveoli

Answer 2

sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange with the blood

Question 3

angina pectoris

Answer 3

medical term for heart attacks or myocardial infarctions (or cardiac arrest). Chest pain is a common system

Question 4

asthma

Answer 4

a disease of the airways of the lungs, characterized by the tightening of airways

Question 5

atria

Answer 5

upper thinner walled chambers of the heart

Question 6

bariatric surgery

Answer 6

weight loss surgery. There are many forms such as lap band surgery and gastric bypass surgery

Question 7

capillaries

Answer 7

fine blood vessels where oxygenated and deoxygenated blood meet for waster nutrient exchange

Question 8

diabetes mellitus

Answer 8

severe, chronic form of diabetes caused by insufficient production of insulin and resulting in disruption in the breaking down and storage of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This disease often appears in childhood and is characterized by increased sugar levels in the blood and urine and excessive thirst

Question 9

diastolic

Answer 9

blood pressure when the heart is resting

Question 10

insulin

Answer 10

a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates glucose uptake

Question 11

ischemia

Answer 11

condition in which the blood flow is restricted to a part of the body. For example, cardiac ischemia occurs when blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle is disrupted . Ischemias often lead to heart attacks

Question 12

myocardial infarctions

Answer 12

also known as angina pectoris or cardiac arrest. Chest pain is a common symptom

Question 13

puberty

Answer 13

a genetic timing mechanism that activates the pituitary gland and increases the level of growth hormone produced in the body

Question 14

pulmonary artery

Answer 14

major blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 15

pulmonary vein

Answer 15

major blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 16

systolic

Answer 16

blood pressure when the heart is not beating (relaxed)

Question 17

ventricles

Answer 17

lower thicker-walled chambers of the heart

Question 18

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 18

the brain and spinal cord; responsible for processing and coordinating the information it receives from the peripheral nervous system

Question 19

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 19

Nerves and nervous tissue outside of the brain and the spinal cord

Question 20

hippocampus

Answer 20

Structure in the brain responsible for memory; this region atrophies with dimentia

Question 21

amygdala

Answer 21

Region in the brain responsible for fear, rage & aggression

Question 22

medulla

Answer 22

Region above the brain stem responsible for breathing, swallowing and heart rate

Question 23

cortex

Answer 23

Prosencephalon

Question 24

frontal lobe

Answer 24

Personality, attention, planning, organization, long term memory

Question 25

parietal lobe

Answer 25

Temperature & pain detection and spatial navigation

Question 26

occipital lobe

Answer 26

Region responsible for vision

Question 27

temporal lobe

Answer 27

Region responsible for auditory process and short term memory

Question 28

somatic nervous system

Answer 28

Part of PNP responsible for voluntary motor movements

Question 29

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 29

Part of the PNS responsible for involuntary actions such as breathing, digestion and orgasm

Question 30

coronary heart disease

Answer 30

leading cause of death in the United States; arteries harden & create blockages that lead to heart attack or stroke

Question 31

cirrhosis

Answer 31

scarring of the liver, characteristic of alcohol abuse; the liver becomes overworked, leading to damage. Healing process results in scarring