chapter 3 (end)

Question 1

mothers changes after birth

Answer 1

• physical changes include breast produces milk, uterus become smaller, estrogen drops
• have crying spells, irritation resentment etc.

Question 2

postpartum depression

Answer 2

• factors include high levels of hormones during 3rd trimester, depression beforehand, life stresses
• if lasts long - baby at risk for depression and behavioural issues

Question 3

fundamental beliefs about childbirth

Answer 3

1. problem free when both parents understand what is happening during pregnancy and delivery
2. natural methods of dealing with pain are better and more healthy (if not can have some risks)
3. involves supportive coach (friend, father, family, doula)

Question 4

approaches to childbirth: natural

Answer 4

minimal medical or tech intervention usually using techniques such as meditation, breathing etc.
- join groups for expecting mothers helps with better natural birth

Question 5

approaches to childbirth: home delivery

Answer 5

• done when not high risk or any complications and mother is healthy and in healthy environment
  doula = someone who provides emotional and psych support and advice

Question 6

approaches to childbirth: freestanding birth centre

Answer 6

• small independent clinics where ind assigned to birthing room decorated to look homelike
• doctor or nurse assists
• only used when births are expected to be trouble free

Question 7

apgar scale

Answer 7

screening for infants who are at risk for physical problems and predict future development
- factors rated : heart rate, respiratory failure, muscle tone, reflex responsivity, skin colour
- 6 and lower calls for concern

Question 8

brazelton neonatal assess scale

Answer 8

assesses small and not as noticeable behavioural aspects of a newborns condition
- includes reflexes, motor capacities, how they respond to ppl and objects

Question 9

problems and complications arising from low birth weight

Answer 9

• premature (body weight is acc good and appropriate)
• low birth weight (more likely to die and have brain damage and physical deficits
• caused by poor nutrition, drug and alc abuse, multiple births

      - full term - less than 5.8 
      - 34 weeks - less than 3.5-4

Question 10

consequences of LBW

Answer 10

• very malnourished - critical period and placed in isolation in hospital
• breathing difficulties (respiratory distress syndrome

special infant stim provides benefits (kangaroo care - holding baby in burrito right after birth)

Question 11

newborn reflexes general

Answer 11

• reflexes are involuntary
• some have important functions (sucking reflex)
• some serve as building blocks for later intermediate actions such as stepping reflex to walking (supports muscle strength and balance)

Question 12

4 newborn states

Answer 12

• alert inactivity (awake and scoping)
• waking activity (awake but unfocused)
• crying
  sleeping

Question 13

infants sleep

Answer 13

• 16-18 hours a day (decreases with age)
• awake 1 hour sleep 3
• alternates from being still and breathing regularly to moving gently and breathing irregularly (about 50% of sleep in REM)

Question 14

sudden unexpected infant death

Answer 14

sudden unexplainable death of apparent healthy baby
- rate decreasing but higher for indigenous ind pop
- risk factors
- child sleeping on stomach especially when other items in
crib
- parents smoking
- maternal malnutrition

Question 15

sleeping arrangements for newborn

Answer 15

individualistic: favours separate crib for infant

collectivist: favours co sleeping
- possible attachment issues
- no multiple items on bed

Question 16

infants crying

Answer 16

• possible way of communication (varies in intensity)
  
  • parents accuracy of what it means improves with
    experience
• done in first 3 months
• frequency increases during afternoon and evening

Question 17

5 main idea how to sooth crying infant

Answer 17

1. feeding
2. changing diaper
3. picking up
4. rocking and bouncing
5. swaddling - burrito wrap

Question 18

shaken baby syndrome

Answer 18

serious brain injury resulting from forcefully shaking an infant or toddler
- results in severe head trauma or death

Question 19

birthing complications (CD, irreg position, preeclampsia, prolapsed UC)

Answer 19

1. CD = infants head too large to pass through birth canal
2. irreg position = shoulders appear first instead of head
3. preeclampsia = women has high blood pressure, protein in urine and swelling in extermities

Question 20

hypoxia

Answer 20

umbilical cord os pinched or squeezed shut cutting off blood flow
- can lead to mental disorder or death

Question 21

small for date

Answer 21

when infants are much smaller that would be expected based on the length of time since conception
- infant going the full 9 months but being less than what a baby should be at 9 months

• born to women who smoke, drink or who don’t eat enough
  -infants can be delayed in cog and motor development

Question 22

reflexes

Answer 22

unlearned responses that are triggered by specific form of stimulation
- includes rooting, steeping, sucking etc.