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BIO 104 > Chapter 3/Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways > Flashcards

Chapter 3/Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Selective barrier: regulates passage in and out of cell and between organelles and cytosol

A

Membranes

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2
Q

-Detect chemical messengers
-Link cells together
-Anchor cell to extracellular matrix

A

Membranes

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3
Q

-Non polar fatty acids chains in the middle
-Polar regions oriented towards the surfaces of the membrane

A

Phospholipids bilayers

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4
Q

-Found in the plasma membrane
-Maintains fluidity

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

-Amphipathic
-Associate with fatty acids in membrane
-Can span the entire membrane: transmembrane proteins

A

Integral membrane proteins

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6
Q

-Do not associate with fatty acids
-Located at the membrane surface bound to integral membrane

A

Peripheral membrane

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7
Q

-Transmembrane proteins
-Bind to specific proteins in the extracellular matrix
-Link to membrane proteins in adjacent cells
-Cells are joined physically

A

Integrins(membrane)

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8
Q

-Plasma membranes of cells are separated by about 20 nm

A

Desmosomes

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9
Q

‘Dense plaques’’ serve as anchoring points for cadherins

A

Desmosomes

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10
Q

-Cadherins extend into extracellular space and link up with cadherins of an adjacent cell

A

Desmosomes

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11
Q

-Leaves no space between adjacent cells

A

Tight Junction

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12
Q

-Occur in a band around the entire circumference of cell

A

Tight Junction

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13
Q

Form barrier that prevent movement of material through tissue

A

Tight Junction

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14
Q

-Protein channels that link the cytosols of adjacent cells

A

Gap junction

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15
Q

-Connexins from both cells join and form a protein-linked channel

A

Gap junction

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16
Q

-Small diameter (1.5 nm) limits what can pass

A

Gap Junction

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17
Q

Storage and transmission of genetic information

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

-Information coded in DNA molecules
-DNA also used to synthesize proteins

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

DNA is found in association with proteins called histones
DNA + Protein=Chromatin
-During cell division chromatin becomes condensed, forms chromosomes

A

Nucleus

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20
Q

Nuclear envelopes surrounds nucleus

A

-Two membranes
-Join together, form nuclear pores

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21
Q

-Associated with regions of DNA that contains for forms RNA found in ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

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22
Q

-Ribosomes are assembled then transferred to cytoplasm

A

Nucleolus

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23
Q

-Proteins factories
- Composed of protein and RNA
-Can be found attached to endoplasmic reticulum or floating free in the cytoplasm

A

Ribosomes

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24
Q

-Has ribosomes bound to its surface
-Packages proteins that are produced by ribosomes, sends them to Golgi apparatus

A

Rough ER

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25
Q

-No ribosomes
-Lipids are synthesized
-Detoxifies the cell
-Stores calcium

A

-Smooth ER

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26
Q

-Receives proteins from Rough ER

A

Golgi Apparatus

27
Q

-Modifies proteins and sorts them into transports vesicles

A

Golgi Apparatus

28
Q
  • Distributes packages proteins to their intended destination
A

Golgi Apparatus

29
Q

-Participate in cellular respiration, the process that transfer energy from nutrients to ATP molecules

A

Mitochondria

30
Q

-Surrounded by outer membrane and inner membrane(inner membrane is folded into cristae)

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

-Inner compartment is the matrix

A

Mitochondria

32
Q

-Vesicles that contain acidic fluid and digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

33
Q

-Break down bacteria and cellular debris that is engulfed by the cell
(also old, damaged organelles)

A

Lysosomes

34
Q

-consumes oxygen and removes hydrogen from organic molecules

A

Peroxisomes

35
Q

Catabolism of lipids into 2 carbon fragments that are used for making ATP

A

Peroxisomes

36
Q

Produce hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2)

A

Peroxisomes

37
Q

-Filament network that maintain and change the cell’s shape, produce cell movement

A

Cytoskeleton

38
Q

Composed of G-actin

A

Cytoskeleton(microfilament)

39
Q

Make up a majority of cytoskeleton and play important roles

A

Cytoskeleton (microfilament)

40
Q

Cell movement, determining cell shape, cell division, and muscle cell contraction

A

Cytoskeleton (microfilaments)

41
Q

-Composed of tubulin

A

Cytoskeleton (microtubules)

42
Q

Microtubules and actin filament are involved with the movement of organelles

A

-Act as fibrous track, contractile proteins ‘‘walk’’ on them

42
Q

Radiate from the centrosomes
(regulates the formation of microtubules)

A

cytoskeleton (microtubules)

42
Q

-Hair-like, motile extension on surface of some epithelial cells

A

Cilia

43
Q

Central core of microtubules with contractile proteins

A

cilia

44
Q

DNA direct synthesis of proteins

A

Genetic Code

45
Q

Sequence of DNA containing information that specifies the amino acid
sequence of a polypeptide chain

A

Gene

46
Q

4 bases can be arranged into 64 different three
letter combinations (64 codons)

A

Triplet Code

47
Q

An amino acid can be specified by more than one
codon

A

Triplet Code

48
Q

any molecule or ion that is bound to a
protein
– Do not involve covalent bonding

A

Ligand (protein binding)

49
Q

region of the protein to which
the ligand binds

A

Binding site (protein binding)

50
Q

– Protein’s function activated or inhibited

A

Conformation change

51
Q

the ability of a protein’s
binding site to bind specific ligands

A

Chemical specificity

52
Q

– Binding site determines the ligand that is bound.
– Proteins must have right shape in order to bind.
* Some sites only bind one ligand, others can
bind many ligands

A

Protein Binding: Specificity

53
Q

the strength of a ligand-protein
binding
– Determines how likely a ligand will leave the
binding site
-Same ligand may bind different proteins with
different affinities.

A

Affinity

54
Q

Protein catalysts
-Lower the activation energy, make biological
reactions proceed at a higher rate.

A

Enzymes

55
Q

Glycolytic pathway occurs in the

A

cytoplasm

56
Q

_ glucose is broken down to _ pyruvate molecules
(6 carbon to 3 carbon)

A

1 & 2

57
Q

_ ATP used, _ ATP produces
( 2 ATP total yield)

A

2 & 4

58
Q

Series of chemical
reactions
* Oxidation of Acetyl
CoA
* More NAD+ is reduced
to NADH
– FADH2
* CO2 is produced as
waste product

A

Krebs Cycle

59
Q

Electrons are passed (Electron
transport chain)

A

cytochrome
proteins

60
Q

Energy released
is used to form

A

ATP

61
Q

Electrons form

A

water molecules (O2 must be
present)

62
Q
A

BIO 104 (14 decks)

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