Chapter 2/Chemical Composition of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Everything that takes up space and has mass

A

Matter

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2
Q

Smallest unit of matter
-protons
-neutrons
-electrons

A

atoms

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3
Q

In the atomic nucleus

A

Protons and neutrons

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4
Q

orbits the nucleus at various distance

A

electrons

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5
Q

Chemical element has a specific # of protons

A

atomic number

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6
Q

of protons equal

A

of electrons

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7
Q

Atomic mass

A

protons + neutrons

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8
Q

Elements can exist as isotopes

A

Differ in the # of neutrons

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9
Q

unstable isotope, emits energy

A

radioisotopes

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10
Q

The amount (grams) equal to the numerical value of the atomic weight

A

Gram atomic mass

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11
Q

Atoms that gain or lose electrons, acquire a net electrical charge

A

ion

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12
Q

Net positive charge

A

cation

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13
Q

net negative charge

A

anions

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14
Q

-Two or more atoms bonded together
-Represented by their component atoms
C6h12O6(glucose)

A

molecules

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15
Q

One or more electrons in the outer orbital are shared between atoms

A

Covalent bonds

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16
Q

-Electrons are not shared equally between atoms
-One acquires slight negative charge, the other becomes slightly positive

A

Polar covalents bond

17
Q

Electrons are shared equally

A

Non-polar covalent bond

18
Q

the attraction between two oppositely charged ions
-dissolve easily in water

A

ionic bond

19
Q

electrical attraction between slightly positive hydrogen and slightly negative atoms ( oxygen, nitrogen)
-very weak individually
-But in large numbers can play an important role

A

hydrogen role

20
Q

-Molecules are three-dimensional
- Rotation around chemical bonds allows different molecules shapes

A

Molecular Shape

21
Q

Ionization can occur in atoms covalently linked in molecules

A

Ionic molecules

22
Q

-Atoms with unpaired electrons in an outermost shell
-Unstable and highly reactive, pull electrons from another atoms to fill their shell

A

Free Radicals

23
Q

Substances dissolved in a liquid

24
Q

The liquid in which solutes are dissolved is the

25
Solute + Solvent
Solution
26
-Polar molecules -Liquid over broad range ( 0-100) -High heat capacity
Water
27
-Hydrolysis -Dehydration synthesis
Water reactions
28
Molecules that easily dissolve in water - Contain polar covalent bonds or ionized groups – Electrical attraction to water.
Hydrophilic
29
molecules that do not dissolve in water. (Oil in water) – Contain non-polar covalent bonds. – Separate into two phases
Hydrophobic
30
- Molecules that have a the polar region at one end and a nonpolar region at the opposite end. * Form cluster in water * Important function in plasma membrane structure
Amphipathic Molecules
31
The amount of solute dissolved per liter of solution
Concentration
32
increase H+ concentration (release H+)
acids
33
decrease H+ concentration (release OH-)
bases
34
Amount of H+ in a solution is expressed
pH
35
Carbohydrates composed of
C,H, O
36
Provide cells with energy
Monosaccharide
37
glycogen-an energy reservoir hydrolysis of glycogen release glucose into the blood
Polysaccharides