Chapter 2/Chemical Composition of the Body

Question 1

Everything that takes up space and has mass

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

Smallest unit of matter
-protons
-neutrons
-electrons

Answer 2

atoms

Question 3

In the atomic nucleus

Answer 3

Protons and neutrons

Question 4

orbits the nucleus at various distance

Answer 4

electrons

Question 5

Chemical element has a specific # of protons

Answer 5

atomic number

Question 6

of protons equal

Answer 6

of electrons

Question 7

Atomic mass

Answer 7

protons + neutrons

Question 8

Elements can exist as isotopes

Answer 8

Differ in the # of neutrons

Question 9

unstable isotope, emits energy

Answer 9

radioisotopes

Question 10

The amount (grams) equal to the numerical value of the atomic weight

Answer 10

Gram atomic mass

Question 11

Atoms that gain or lose electrons, acquire a net electrical charge

Answer 11

ion

Question 12

Net positive charge

Answer 12

cation

Question 13

net negative charge

Answer 13

anions

Question 14

-Two or more atoms bonded together
-Represented by their component atoms
C6h12O6(glucose)

Answer 14

molecules

Question 15

One or more electrons in the outer orbital are shared between atoms

Answer 15

Covalent bonds

Question 16

-Electrons are not shared equally between atoms
-One acquires slight negative charge, the other becomes slightly positive

Answer 16

Polar covalents bond

Question 17

Electrons are shared equally

Answer 17

Non-polar covalent bond

Question 18

the attraction between two oppositely charged ions
-dissolve easily in water

Answer 18

ionic bond

Question 19

electrical attraction between slightly positive hydrogen and slightly negative atoms ( oxygen, nitrogen)
-very weak individually
-But in large numbers can play an important role

Answer 19

hydrogen role

Question 20

-Molecules are three-dimensional
- Rotation around chemical bonds allows different molecules shapes

Answer 20

Molecular Shape

Question 21

Ionization can occur in atoms covalently linked in molecules

Answer 21

Ionic molecules

Question 22

-Atoms with unpaired electrons in an outermost shell
-Unstable and highly reactive, pull electrons from another atoms to fill their shell

Answer 22

Free Radicals

Question 23

Substances dissolved in a liquid

Answer 23

solutes

Question 24

The liquid in which solutes are dissolved is the

Answer 24

solvent

Question 25

Solute + Solvent

Answer 25

Solution

Question 26

-Polar molecules
-Liquid over broad range ( 0-100)
-High heat capacity

Answer 26

Water

Question 27

-Hydrolysis
-Dehydration synthesis

Answer 27

Water reactions

Question 28

Molecules that easily dissolve in water
- Contain polar covalent bonds or ionized groups
– Electrical attraction to water.

Answer 28

Hydrophilic

Question 29

molecules that do not dissolve
in water. (Oil in water)
– Contain non-polar covalent bonds.
– Separate into two phases

Answer 29

Hydrophobic

Question 30

• Molecules that have a
  the polar region at one end
  and a nonpolar region
  at the opposite end.
• Form cluster in water
• Important function in
  plasma membrane
  structure

Answer 30

Amphipathic Molecules

Question 31

The amount of solute dissolved per liter of
solution

Answer 31

Concentration

Question 32

increase H+ concentration (release H+)

Answer 32

acids

Question 33

decrease H+ concentration (release OH-)

Answer 33

bases

Question 34

Amount of H+ in a solution is expressed

Answer 34

pH

Question 35

Carbohydrates composed of

Answer 35

C,H, O

Question 36

Provide cells with energy

Answer 36

Monosaccharide

Question 37

glycogen-an energy reservoir
hydrolysis of glycogen release glucose into the blood

Answer 37

Polysaccharides