Chapter 3 ( Cardiovasular )

Question 1

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors are found on the arterioles of ?

Answer 1

Skin , splanchnic and renal circulation

Question 2

Beta 2 adrenergic receptors are found on the arterioles of ?

Answer 2

Skeletal muscles

Question 3

What type of receptors do the veins have ?

Answer 3

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

Question 4

Velocity equation of blood flow ?

Answer 4

V = blood flow / cross sectional area

Question 5

Blood flow equation ?

Answer 5

Cardiac output =
Pressure gradient / total peripheral resistance

NB : pressure gradient= mean arterial pressure - right atrial pressure

Question 6

Resistance Poiseuille’s equation ?

Answer 6

R = ( 8 x viscosity of blood x length of blood vessel ) / ( £ x radius of blood vessel to the fourth power )

Question 7

Factors increase Reynold’s number ( blood turbulence ) ?

Answer 7

1- decrease blood viscosity

2- increased blood velocity

Question 8

Capacitance equation ?

Answer 8

C = volume / pressure

Question 9

Mean arterial pressure ?

Answer 9

Diastolic pressure + one third of pulse pressure

Question 10

Parasympathetic receptor and neurotransmitter in heart ?

Answer 10

Muscarinic receptor

Acetylcholine

Question 11

Sympathetic receptor and neurotransmitter in heart ?

Answer 11

Beta 1 receptors

Norepinephrine

Question 12

Ejection fraction equation ?

Answer 12

= stroke volume / end diastolic volume

Question 13

Normal end diastolic volume ?

Answer 13

120-140 ml

Question 14

Stroke work equation ?

Answer 14

= aortic pressure x stroke volume

Question 15

Fick principle equation for measuring cardiac output ?

Answer 15

Cardiac output =

O2 consumption / ( O2 pulmonary vein - O2 pulmonary artery )

Question 16

Inspieation effect on second heart sound ?

Answer 16

Delays closure of pulmonic valve and causes splitting of second heart sound

Question 17

Dicrotic notch / incisura ?

Answer 17

The blip in the aortic pressure tracing that occurs after closure of the aortic valve

Question 18

Baroreceptors site ?

Answer 18

In the carotid sinus near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery

Question 19

Carotid sinus nerve ?

Answer 19

Hernig’s nerve / cranial nerve lX to the vasomotor center in the brain stem

Question 20

Actions of angiotensin ll ?

Answer 20

1- stimulates the synthesis of aldosterone
2- increases Na-H exchange in proximal convoluted tubules leads to contraction alkalosis
3- increases thirst
4- vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 21

Vasopressin (ADH) actions ? And by which receptors ?

Answer 21

1- vasoconstriction of the arterioles by V1 receptors

2-increases water reabsorption by the renal distal tubule and collecting ducts by V2 receptors

Question 22

Atrial natriuretic peptide actions ?

Answer 22

1- vasodilatation of the arterioles
2- increased excretion of Na and water by the kidney
3- inhibits renin secretion

Question 23

Causes of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure ?

Answer 23

1- increased arterial pressure
2- increased venous pressure
3- arteriolar vasodilatation
4- venous vasoconstriction

Question 24

Causes of increased filtration coefficient ?

Answer 24

Burn

Inflammation ( release of histamine and cytokines )

Question 25

Prostaglandins types ? And its actions ?

Answer 25

1- prostacyclin : vasodilatation
2- E-series prostaglandin : vasodilatation
3- F-series prostaglandins : vasoconstriction
4- Thromboxane A2 : vasoconstriction

Question 26

Sympathetic innervation of skeletal muscles arterioles ?

Answer 26

Alpha 1 receptors : vasoconstriction

Beta 2 receptors : vasodilatation