Chapter 3 ( Cardiovasular ) Flashcards
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors are found on the arterioles of ?
Skin , splanchnic and renal circulation
Beta 2 adrenergic receptors are found on the arterioles of ?
Skeletal muscles
What type of receptors do the veins have ?
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
Velocity equation of blood flow ?
V = blood flow / cross sectional area
Blood flow equation ?
Cardiac output =
Pressure gradient / total peripheral resistance
NB : pressure gradient= mean arterial pressure - right atrial pressure
Resistance Poiseuille’s equation ?
R = ( 8 x viscosity of blood x length of blood vessel ) / ( £ x radius of blood vessel to the fourth power )
Factors increase Reynold’s number ( blood turbulence ) ?
1- decrease blood viscosity
2- increased blood velocity
Capacitance equation ?
C = volume / pressure
Mean arterial pressure ?
Diastolic pressure + one third of pulse pressure
Parasympathetic receptor and neurotransmitter in heart ?
Muscarinic receptor
Acetylcholine
Sympathetic receptor and neurotransmitter in heart ?
Beta 1 receptors
Norepinephrine
Ejection fraction equation ?
= stroke volume / end diastolic volume
Normal end diastolic volume ?
120-140 ml
Stroke work equation ?
= aortic pressure x stroke volume
Fick principle equation for measuring cardiac output ?
Cardiac output =
O2 consumption / ( O2 pulmonary vein - O2 pulmonary artery )
Inspieation effect on second heart sound ?
Delays closure of pulmonic valve and causes splitting of second heart sound
Dicrotic notch / incisura ?
The blip in the aortic pressure tracing that occurs after closure of the aortic valve
Baroreceptors site ?
In the carotid sinus near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery
Carotid sinus nerve ?
Hernig’s nerve / cranial nerve lX to the vasomotor center in the brain stem
Actions of angiotensin ll ?
1- stimulates the synthesis of aldosterone
2- increases Na-H exchange in proximal convoluted tubules leads to contraction alkalosis
3- increases thirst
4- vasoconstriction of arterioles
Vasopressin (ADH) actions ? And by which receptors ?
1- vasoconstriction of the arterioles by V1 receptors
2-increases water reabsorption by the renal distal tubule and collecting ducts by V2 receptors
Atrial natriuretic peptide actions ?
1- vasodilatation of the arterioles
2- increased excretion of Na and water by the kidney
3- inhibits renin secretion
Causes of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure ?
1- increased arterial pressure
2- increased venous pressure
3- arteriolar vasodilatation
4- venous vasoconstriction
Causes of increased filtration coefficient ?
Burn
Inflammation ( release of histamine and cytokines )
Prostaglandins types ? And its actions ?
1- prostacyclin : vasodilatation
2- E-series prostaglandin : vasodilatation
3- F-series prostaglandins : vasoconstriction
4- Thromboxane A2 : vasoconstriction
Sympathetic innervation of skeletal muscles arterioles ?
Alpha 1 receptors : vasoconstriction
Beta 2 receptors : vasodilatation
