Chapter 3: Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is Bioenergetic
The flow of energy in a biological System:
The conversion of food into useable energy.
What is Catabolic
Breakdown large molecules into smaller ones
What is Anabolic process
Building up process
Amino Acids form proteins
What is Metabolism
Total of all the catabolic and anabolic reactions in the body.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Molecule derived from catabolic reactions used to drive anabolic reactions.
ATP -> ADP + Energy
Used to power muscular activity.
Phosphagen System
Energy System
Anaerobic
Short-term, high intensity activates, but active in all types of exercise. Jumping Sprinting
ATP -> ADP through ATPase
ADP -> ATP through Creatine kinase
Type II fibers have more phosphagens than Type I fibers
Creatine kinase increase with ADP, decreases with ATP.
Glycolysis
Energy System
There are two kinds: Fast & Slow.
Anaerobic
Breakdown of Carbs, either glycogen stored in muscle or glucose in the blood, to produce ATP.
Primary source for high-intensity activity lasting up to two minutes.
600-800m run
Occurs in the cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) of cells.
There are fast and slow glycolysis
Oxidative System
Energy System
Aerobic
Primary source of ATP at rest and aerobic activities (mitochondria)
Uses Carbs & Fats
-30% Carbs & 70% of ATP at rest
-Nearly 100% Carbs at high intensity aerobic exercise
Energy Systems
Phosphagen, glycolysis, Oxidative Systems.
Fast Glycolysis
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Pyruvate -> Lactate
Provides ATP at faster rate
Primarily used during resistance training.
Glucose + 2P +2ADP -> 2lactate + 2ATP + H2O
Slow Glycolysis
Aerobic Glycolysis
No O2 required
Pyruvate -> Oxidative System
Used during lower intensity, such as aerobics
Gluecose + 2P + 2ADP + 2NAD -> 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2 H2O
Stimulated Glycolysis
Glycolysis Regulation:
Intense muscular activity by ADP, P, Ammonia, slight decrease in pH, AMP
Inhibited Glycolysis
Glycolysis Regulation:
Markedly lowered pH, Increased levels of ATP, Creatine Phosphate, Citrate, free fatty acids (at rest)
Enzymes within Glycolysis Regulation
Enzymes: Hexokinase, Phosphorylase, Phosphofructokinase (PFK) (rate-limiting step)
Stimulators of PFK
Activation of phosphagen energy system, Ammonia produced during high intensity exercise, Amino Acid deamination.
Lactic Acid and Blood Lactate
End product of fast glycolysis
Lactate -> Lactic acid
Fatigue = decreased muscle tissue pH:
Inhibits glycolytic reactions, interfere with muscle actions (actin & myosin bridge), decreased available energy & muscle action force.
Used in gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose)
Can be transported to the liver and converted into glucose in the Cori cycle.
