Chapter 3: Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is Bioenergetic
The flow of energy in a biological System:
The conversion of food into useable energy.
What is Catabolic
Breakdown large molecules into smaller ones
What is Anabolic process
Building up process
Amino Acids form proteins
What is Metabolism
Total of all the catabolic and anabolic reactions in the body.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Molecule derived from catabolic reactions used to drive anabolic reactions.
ATP -> ADP + Energy
Used to power muscular activity.
Phosphagen System
Energy System
Anaerobic
Short-term, high intensity activates, but active in all types of exercise. Jumping Sprinting
ATP -> ADP through ATPase
ADP -> ATP through Creatine kinase
Type II fibers have more phosphagens than Type I fibers
Creatine kinase increase with ADP, decreases with ATP.
Glycolysis
Energy System
There are two kinds: Fast & Slow.
Anaerobic
Breakdown of Carbs, either glycogen stored in muscle or glucose in the blood, to produce ATP.
Primary source for high-intensity activity lasting up to two minutes.
600-800m run
Occurs in the cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) of cells.
There are fast and slow glycolysis
Oxidative System
Energy System
Aerobic
Primary source of ATP at rest and aerobic activities (mitochondria)
Uses Carbs & Fats
-30% Carbs & 70% of ATP at rest
-Nearly 100% Carbs at high intensity aerobic exercise
Energy Systems
Phosphagen, glycolysis, Oxidative Systems.
Fast Glycolysis
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Pyruvate -> Lactate
Provides ATP at faster rate
Primarily used during resistance training.
Glucose + 2P +2ADP -> 2lactate + 2ATP + H2O
Slow Glycolysis
Aerobic Glycolysis
No O2 required
Pyruvate -> Oxidative System
Used during lower intensity, such as aerobics
Gluecose + 2P + 2ADP + 2NAD -> 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2 H2O
Stimulated Glycolysis
Glycolysis Regulation:
Intense muscular activity by ADP, P, Ammonia, slight decrease in pH, AMP
Inhibited Glycolysis
Glycolysis Regulation:
Markedly lowered pH, Increased levels of ATP, Creatine Phosphate, Citrate, free fatty acids (at rest)
Enzymes within Glycolysis Regulation
Enzymes: Hexokinase, Phosphorylase, Phosphofructokinase (PFK) (rate-limiting step)
Stimulators of PFK
Activation of phosphagen energy system, Ammonia produced during high intensity exercise, Amino Acid deamination.
Lactic Acid and Blood Lactate
End product of fast glycolysis
Lactate -> Lactic acid
Fatigue = decreased muscle tissue pH:
Inhibits glycolytic reactions, interfere with muscle actions (actin & myosin bridge), decreased available energy & muscle action force.
Used in gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose)
Can be transported to the liver and converted into glucose in the Cori cycle.
Lactate Threshold (LT)
Exercise intensity at which blood lactate begins an abrupt increase above the baseline concentration.
Increased reliance on anaerobic mechanisms
Begins at 50-80% of maximal O2 uptake.
You can train with intensity to have you body begin to hit LT at higher percentages enabling you to train at higher intensity before crashing.
Onset of Blood Lactate (OBLA)
Occurs when blood lactate concentration is near 4mmol/L
High & Low Intensity
High: Phosphagen & Glycolysis
Low: Oxidative
Long & Short Duration
Long: Oxidative
Short: Phosphagen & Glycolysis
ATP production, rate, & capacity
System, Rate of ATP production, Capacity of ATP Production:
Phosphagen, 1, 5
Fast glycolysis: 2, 4
Slow glycolysis: 3, 3
Oxidation of carbs: 4, 2
Oxidation of fat & pro: 5, 1
Energy system, intensity, duration
Time, Intensity, Energy system:
0-6s, Very Intense, Phosphagen
6-30s, Intense, Phosphagen & fast Glycolysis
30s-2m, Heavy, Fast Glycolysis
2-3min, Moderate, Fast glycolysis & oxidative system.
> 3min, Light, oxidative system
Practical Application
Understand general time frames for each energy system.
Main Idea:
-Higher Intensity = Short amount of time exercise can be performed; fastest producing ATP
-Lower Intensity = Longer amount of time exercise can be performed; slower producing ATP
Assess Client’s Training Goal: 1st base or 10k, how will that change training?
