Chapter 3 - Aircraft Emergencies and Malfunctions

Question 1

What are the priorities in an emergency?

Answer 1

Aviate

Navigate

Communicate

Question 2

Where can details on emergency procedures be found?

Answer 2

Aircrew Flight Manual (AFM)

Flight Reference Cards (FRCs)

Comms procedures - Laid down in CAP 413 and FIH

Question 3

What comprises the ‘Aviate’ section of emergency response?

Answer 3

1. Fly the aircraft
2. Analyse the situation - Identify and CONFIRM the nature of the emergency
3. Take proper action

Question 4

What is the purpose of the emergency section in FRCs?

Answer 4

Provide the aircrew with a quick reference in the event of an emergency, gives a list of actions to be taken and in what order?

Info derived from the AFM.

Question 5

What groups of actions are found on the FRCs?

Answer 5

Immediate actions (bold face)

Subsequent

Considerations

Question 6

Other than immediate actions, subsequent actions and considerations, what else is found on emergency FRCs?

Answer 6

Warnings - Statements which, if not closely observed, may result in the loss of life or the aircraft

Cautions - Statements which, if not closely observed, may result in damage to the aircraft or its equipment

Question 7

What is a Warning in the FRCs?

Answer 7

Statements which, if not closely observed, may result in the loss of life or the aircraft

Question 8

What is a Caution in the FRCs?

Answer 8

Statements which, if not closely observed, may result in damage to the aircraft or its equipment

Question 9

What is the difference between a caution and a warning in the FRCs?

Answer 9

If warnings not followed, could result in loss of life or loss of the aircraft

If cautions not followed, could result in DAMAGE to the aircraft or its equipment

Question 10

What steps must be considered in the ‘Navigate’ part of an emergency response?

Answer 10

Ensure the aircraft is directed into a safe heading away from any potential hazards and towards a safe recovery area.

Pilot must now decide whether

Question 11

What are the two degrees of urgency when deciding landing action to be taken after an emergency (FW)?

Answer 11

Land As Soon As Possible (ASAP)

Land As Soon As Practicable

Question 12

Explain Land As Soon As Possible (FW)

Answer 12

Land at the nearest airfield suitable for a safe landing but be prepared to force-land immediately if it becomes necessary

Question 13

Explain Land As Soon As Practicable (FW)

Answer 13

Land at the nearest airfield where you can land safely and expect practical assistance for your aircraft type (weapons onboard, etc - military airfield)

Question 14

Explain Land As Soon As Possible (RW)

Answer 14

Do not continue to fly for any longer than is necessary to accomplish a safe landing at the nearest site.

Question 15

Explain Land As Soon As Practicable (RW)

Answer 15

Land at the nearest aviation location or at a suitable site selected for convenience.

Question 16

What are the components of an emergency message?

Answer 16

Mayday, Mayday, Mayday (or Pan Pan, Pan Pan, Pan Pan, as appropriate)

Name of station addressed

Callsign

Type of aircraft

Nature of emergency

Captain’s intentions and assistance required

Present or last known position, flight level/altitude and heading

Pilot qualifications (if relevant, e.g. student pilot)

Any other information

Question 17

What prefix comes before a distress call?

Answer 17

Mayday, Mayday, Mayday

Question 18

What prefix comes before an urgency call?

Answer 18

Pan Pan, Pan Pan, Pan Pan

Question 19

What are the Guard Frequencies?

Answer 19

121. 500 VHF

243. 000 UHF

Question 20

Explain Land Immediately (RW)

Answer 20

Land at once, even if this means ditching or landing in the trees. The consequences of continuing to fly are more than likely more harmful than landing at a site that is normally considered unsuitable.

Question 21

What are the emergency transponder frequencies?

Answer 21

Mode 3A Code 7700 - Emergency

Mode 3A Code 7600 - Comms failure

Mode 3A Code 7500 - Unlawful interference