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Airmanship, Air Safety and Emergency Procedures > Chapter 2 - Intro to Crew Resource Management > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Intro to Crew Resource Management Flashcards

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1
Q

What is CRM?

A

Crew Resource Management

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2
Q

Define CRM?

A

The use of all skills and resources available to a crew to achieve the aims of the flight (i.e. safety, effectiveness and efficiency)

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3
Q

What does CRM encompass?

A

Cognitive skills

Interpersonal skills

Resources

Non-technical flying skills

Etc

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4
Q

What is CRM focused on?

A

The cognitive and interpersonal skills needed to manage a flight within an organised aviation system, NOT the technical knowledge required to fly the aircraft

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5
Q

What are the aims of CRM?

A

Increase awareness and knowledge of human factors in aviation

Instil good CRM attitudes and behaviours, integrating them into flying operations

Teach Threat and Error Management (TEM) skills

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6
Q

What cognitive skills does CRM look at?

A

Situational Awareness (SA)

Planning and Decision Making

Communication

Teamwork

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7
Q

What is a high level of SA?

A

Your perception is a mental model of a situation.

High SA is when perception is close to reality.

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8
Q

What is perception?

A

Taking information (consciously and unconsciously) from the five senses and transforming them into a mental model of the situation.

Also uses past experience and sensations, hence individuals can perceive and interpret a situation differently.

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9
Q

Name 3 types of decisions.

A

Rule-based decisions

Pattern-based decisions

Analytical decisions

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10
Q

What do the military use for analytical decision making?

A

RAPDAR

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11
Q

What does RAPDAR stand for?

A

Recognise

Analyse

Prioritise

Decide

Act

Review

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12
Q

What does good communication do?

A

Shares information

Enhances SA (individual and group)

Shares problem solving

Improves teamwork

Sets the tone for the task at hand

Gives the opportunity to discover new information

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13
Q

What affects communication?

A

Culture and context (can be organisational culture, e.g. rank structures)

Experience level (perception of roles/position within a crew/rookie)

Nature of the task (normal or emergency conditions)

Body language and tone of speech

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14
Q

What makes up good resource management of aircraft systems?

A

Knowledge of the aircraft and its systems

Ability to practically apply that knowledge

Ensuring efficient and safe operation

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15
Q

What resources must be managed in aviation?

A

Cockpit resources

Crew/formation resources (crew members, other aircraft, formation assests, e.g. AWACS and tankers, etc)

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16
Q

Human factors relates to people in their working environment and their relationship with…

A

Equipment

Procedures

The environment

Other people

17
Q

Explain the Swiss Cheese Model.

A

Incidents are often the result of a series of events.

Breaking on link in the chain of events may stop the incident.

Each layer of cheese is a defence against the incident, but they have holes (no defence is perfect).

If all the holes line up, then the likelihood of an incident occurring will increase.

18
Q

What is the purpose of the SHELL model?

A

It is a way of looking at where threats and mistakes lie, specifically at the interfaces between the different elements.

There is rarely a single cause of an accident, but an interaction between different elements.

19
Q

What are the elements of the SHELL model?

A

Software

Hardware

Environmental

Liveware (teams)

Liveware (people)

20
Q

Explain/give examples of Software in the SHELL model.

A

Procedures

FRCs

MAA Regulatory publications

21
Q

Explain/give examples of Hardware in the SHELL model.

A

Cockpit design

Aircrew equipment assembly

Electronic Flight BAGS

NVGs

Weapons

22
Q

Explain/give examples of Environmental in the SHELL model.

A

Weather

ATC procedures

Enemy forces

Airspace constraints

23
Q

Explain/give examples of Liveware (teams) in the SHELL model.

A

Other crew

Engineers

Passengers

Operational staff

Cultural influences

24
Q

Explain/give examples of Liveware (people) in the SHELL model.

A

Own physical attributes

Attitudes, skills and knowledge

Stress

Fatigue

Airmanship, Air Safety and Emergency Procedures (8 decks)

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