Chapter 3 Flashcards
active deception
told a straight-up lie
Belmont Report
result of Tuskegee Syphilis Study: respect for persons, beneficence, justice
beneficence
do no harm, maximize benefit (i.e. contribution to society)
coercion
forcing somebody to be in a research study
consent to conceal
researchers obtaining explicit permission for participants to be deceived
consent to use data
form signed during debriefing saying they choose not to withhold their data after debriefing
debriefing
divulging thoroughly to participants all aspects of the deception and then giving them to withdraw their data from the study w/no penalty
deception by omission
not told a lie, but not told the whole truth
double deception (second-order)
told experiment is over, but continue to collect data
duty to warn
researcher most report the individual to the proper agency (i.e. suicide, child abuse)
expedited review
can be done by only on IRB member and is restricted to studies that involve no more than minimal risk (1-4 weeks)
full review
- reviewed in full by all members
- often request changes/justification from researchers
- approval can take 1-5 weeks
justice
representative sample, fair to all experimental groups, control group
minimal risk
harm / discomfort no greater than those encountered in daily life
perseverance effects
participants will continue to believe the false feedback even after having been told about the deception
respect for persons
information, comprehension, voluntary (informed consent)
risk-benefit analysis
the careful determination of the magnitude of the potential harm to participants and whether that risk is outweighed by the potential benefit of the treatment
Nazi Military Experiments
1945, Nazi leaders put on trial for experiments performed on prisoners
Nuremberg Code
Doctor’s Trial (US vs Karl Brandt et al.) – to avoid all unnecessary harm
Milgram Obedience Study
ordered participants to deliver increasingly painful electric shocks to an unwilling victim
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
used 400 impoverished African-American men with syphilis & used coercion / deception and withholding of treatment
