Chapter 3

Question 1

active deception

Answer 1

told a straight-up lie

Question 2

Belmont Report

Answer 2

result of Tuskegee Syphilis Study: respect for persons, beneficence, justice

Question 3

beneficence

Answer 3

do no harm, maximize benefit (i.e. contribution to society)

Question 4

coercion

Answer 4

forcing somebody to be in a research study

Question 5

consent to conceal

Answer 5

researchers obtaining explicit permission for participants to be deceived

Question 6

consent to use data

Answer 6

form signed during debriefing saying they choose not to withhold their data after debriefing

Question 7

debriefing

Answer 7

divulging thoroughly to participants all aspects of the deception and then giving them to withdraw their data from the study w/no penalty

Question 8

deception by omission

Answer 8

not told a lie, but not told the whole truth

Question 9

double deception (second-order)

Answer 9

told experiment is over, but continue to collect data

Question 10

duty to warn

Answer 10

researcher most report the individual to the proper agency (i.e. suicide, child abuse)

Question 11

expedited review

Answer 11

can be done by only on IRB member and is restricted to studies that involve no more than minimal risk (1-4 weeks)

Question 12

full review

Answer 12

• reviewed in full by all members
• often request changes/justification from researchers
• approval can take 1-5 weeks

Question 13

justice

Answer 13

representative sample, fair to all experimental groups, control group

Question 14

minimal risk

Answer 14

harm / discomfort no greater than those encountered in daily life

Question 15

perseverance effects

Answer 15

participants will continue to believe the false feedback even after having been told about the deception

Question 16

respect for persons

Answer 16

information, comprehension, voluntary (informed consent)

Question 17

risk-benefit analysis

Answer 17

the careful determination of the magnitude of the potential harm to participants and whether that risk is outweighed by the potential benefit of the treatment

Question 18

Nazi Military Experiments

Answer 18

1945, Nazi leaders put on trial for experiments performed on prisoners

Question 19

Nuremberg Code

Answer 19

Doctor’s Trial (US vs Karl Brandt et al.) – to avoid all unnecessary harm

Question 20

Milgram Obedience Study

Answer 20

ordered participants to deliver increasingly painful electric shocks to an unwilling victim

Question 21

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Answer 21

used 400 impoverished African-American men with syphilis & used coercion / deception and withholding of treatment