Chapter 12

Question 1

applied research

Answer 1

to use knowledge for the improvement of the human situation

Question 2

basic research

Answer 2

research to develop and refine new knowledge

Question 3

behavioroid measure

Answer 3

when dependent measures go beyond self-report to elicit people’s willingness to make commitments concerning future behavior

Question 4

capitalizing on chance

Answer 4

the possibility of some results being significant by chance alone

Question 5

confederate

Answer 5

an accomplice of the experimenter posing as a participant

Question 6

confound

Answer 6

when levels of the independent variable vary directly w/some other factors

Question 7

control

Answer 7

the minimization of extraneous influences on the experiment made possible by the lab’s isolation from external influences

Question 8

cover story

Answer 8

interpretation provided to participants about “what is going on” often misleading or deceptive

Question 9

demand characteristics

Answer 9

participants attempt to pick up subtle cues in the researcher’s behavior, the task, or setting to use as guidance for their behavior

Question 10

expectancy control group design

Answer 10

“balanced placebo design” // expectancies are manipulated along with the major independent variable in a factorial design

Question 11

experimental realism

Answer 11

the extent to which the manipulations or measures are truly perceived in the intended ways by the research participants (tldr construct validity)

Question 12

experimenter expectancies

Answer 12

expectancies concerning people’s typical response can actually influence participants’ responses

Question 13

funnel questioning

Answer 13

asking general questions first and then narrowing down by stages

Question 14

impact studies

Answer 14

where the manipulation in some sense actually happens to the participants (i.e. participants confronted with an emergency)

Question 15

internal analysis

Answer 15

the manipulation check responses are not used as a a basis of dropping participants but become a new independent variable

Question 16

judgment studies

Answer 16

where the participants are “more like passive observers; they are asked to recognize, recall, classify, or evaluate stimulus materials”

Question 17

mundane realism

Answer 17

the degree of resemblance between the lab operational definitions and some target objects or events outside the lab

Question 18

observational studies

Answer 18

research that use the laboratory mainly for its convenience in arranging a controlled observation

Question 19

particularistic research

Answer 19

the specification of a particular concrete setting, population, and time period to which the results are intended to apply // little replication

Question 20

performance measure

Answer 20

depend on tasks that participants are instructed to perform

Question 21

pilot testing

Answer 21

individuals taken from the same population as eventual participants are led through procedures and periodically asked what they think the hypothesis of the study is

Question 22

replication

Answer 22

a finding that can be reproduced across a variety of settings, populations, and specific operational definitions of the theoretical constructs –> external validity

Question 23

universalistic research

Answer 23

intended to investigate theoretically predicted associations between abstractly specified constructs (i.e. porn + sex crimes)