Chapter 3 Flashcards
Chapter 3
according to the United States fire Administration ______were killed responding to and returning from emergency incident in 2010
seventeen firefighters (pg 79)
in order to meet the intent of NFPA 1002 candidates must have successfully completed _____course or equivalent
firefighter 1 (pg 80)
_____ of the law does not limit your liability for failing to follow it
ignorance (pg 83)
On apparatus equipped with airbrakes,the pressure should build to a sufficient level to allow Vehicle operations within how many seconds of starting
60 seconds
NFPA 1582
provide a specific standard that contain information and specific detail on uncorrected vision and disease of the eye
NFPA 1582
contain a list off frequencies that a driver must be able to hear and recommend rejecting a candidate who has hearing loss among these frequency
unless specifically exam, fire apparatus driver are subject to any____, rules, regulations or ordinance that governs any other vehicle operator
statue
The first element in learning to drive safely is to:
Develop a safety-conscious attitude
most driving regulations pertain to what types of condition
dry, clear roads during daylight conditions (pg 83)
What is NOT an exception to NFPA 1500 seated and belt requirement?
Riding in enclosed cages on the front of a brush truck.
the D/O is not protected from legal consequence of driving with______ for the safety of others
Reckless disregard (pg 84)
When should D/E avoid backing up the apparatus?
Whenever possible.
gross negligence
willful and wanton disregard
What should be done if a driver/operator does not have or cannot see the spotters?
Do not back the apparatus,
the driver most important responsibility is to
operate the apparatus safely during routine driving and while responding to emergency call (pg 84)
When proceeding through an intersection, wait for a go-ahead signal from each of the other drivers before proceeding.
Defensive driving techniques
a fire apparatus driver should maintain_______ in order to lower the chance of being involved in a collision with an object, pedestrian, or vehicle
situational awareness (85)
The time needed to stop the Apparatus or perform an evasive maneuver at the current rate of speed.
Visual lead time
what system do not reduce the potential for brake fade
radial tires and ABS braking system (87)
only effective handling and braking techniques can ensure maximum braking efficiency
true (87)
The loss of braking function which occurs due to excessive use of the brakes
Brake fade (87)
_____brake components lose their ability to stop the vehicle, regardless of the configuration braking system
overheating (87)
____and_____ brakes will both overheat if braking and driving habits are poor
disc and drum (87)
What % of all collision the driver engineer was not aware of a problem until it was too late
42% (88)
many serious fire apparatus accident has been attributed to
poor vehicle design and maintenance (89)
which NFPA standards establish requirements for seat belt use on the apparatus
NFPA 1901 standard for automotive Fire Apparatus and NFPA 1500 standard on fire department occupational safety and health program (90)
which NFPA standard provide direction for loading fire hose while driving the apparatus
NFPA 1500 (91)
While loading hose Drive the apparatus only in the forward direction at
5miles per hour when doing hose load (91)
Allowing diesel engine to idle unnecessarily will cause
a. build up of carbon in injectors valves and piston b. Waste fuel c. Damage to internal engine components and emission systems (94)
High exhaust system temperature (HEST)
a. Lights on when the exhaust system is hot
b. Due to active regen in progress (94)
Diesel particulate filter (DPF)
Light up to indicate that the DPF is loading up with soot. (94)
DPF
collect particulates (soot)from the exhaust system and burn them off completely (95)
Active regen can occurs in two ways
a. Automatic: The engine will begin to dosing
fuel into the exhaust stream to
raise the exhaust temperature
and burn off the soot.
b. Manual (parked):
a. Requires operator to start (95)
An apparatus equipped with Selective Catalyst Reductant (SCR) will have
extra tank that must be fill with Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) (95)
have partner walk around the vehicle to identify the blind spots. Adjust each mirror to ______the number and extent of any blind-spot
minimize
weight transfer follow which law
the law of inertia
steering should be accomplished in a ____and ____motion rather than a series of____turns
smooth,fluid,multiple
when driving downhill use the service brake and auxilary well as manual shifting
to lower gears to limit speed
to prevent engine damage, limit downhill speed to lower than
maximum rpm
An aerial potential points of contact are
a. under the front
b. middle
c. rear
where the front tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the front
angle of approach
where the tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the rear
angle of departure
where the rear tires touch the ground to the bottom of the frame at the wheelbase midpoint.
breakover angle
weight carried can cause skidding or rollover due to
lateral weight transfer
ensure that the axle loading is balanced within 7% from side-side and within the axle weights ratings front-back.
true
the process of injecting are supplying the diesel engine with more fuel than can be burned
overthrottling
over throttling result in an excessive amount of
carbon particles in the exhaust , oil dilution , an additional fuel consumption
if lugging does occurs the driver should not allow the engine RPM to drop below
below Peak torque speed
which NFPA standard requires a placard in every apparatus that list the vehicle height and weight in feet and tons
NFPA 1901
how many locations in the United States where there is less than 100’ follow the railroad track
19,824
the driver should use the following guidelines to help avoid potential Collision:
Aim high in____. find a safe path well ahead
get the big____. stay back and see the reaction of other motorists
keep your ______moving
leave yourself an “______”
maintain enough distance from the vehicle ahead to_____
make sure that others can ____and _____you
- steering
- picture
- eyes
- out
- pull out of traffic safely if the need aries
- see and hear
Aim high in steering
Find a safe path well ahead
driver must come to a complete stop at intersections control with a?
red traffic light or stop sign
at speeds above____, an emergency vehicle may outrun the effective range of its audible warning device
50 mph
in some instances, increasing the speed of an apparatus by 20 mph can can decrease the audible Distance by
250’ or more
_____lights are readily visible even during daylight hours
white
always travel on the_____ lane(______ Lane) on multi-lane roads. Wait for vehicle in front of the apparatus to move to the right before passing
innermost (fast)
Studies have shown that vehicle traveling with____ headlights on during daylight hours have fewer accident
low beam
engine brakes and retarders help extend the life of service brake components
and make apparatus easier to manage
when driving with ABS the driver should maintain a steady pressure
on the brake pedal,rather than pumping the pedal
what provide the highest level of braking torque and are unaffected by transmission gear shift changes?
transmission output retarders and electromagnetic retarder
spotters should be 8-10’
behind and to the left of the apparatus
always open drain or bleeder valves to release pressure before removing intake or discharge cap
true
It is essential that mirror adjustment take place at the start of shift each shift,or any time the driving responsibility changes from one driver to the next?
true
Get the big picture
Stay back, and see the reactions of other motorists
Keep your eyes moving
Scan the area - do not stare at one view
How do a driver establish visual lead time?
By scanning their path of travel far enough ahead based upon their speed.
The least capable of the four auxiliary brake devices is
The exhaust brake
All fire fighters performing spotting duties should be
Wearing a reflective safety vest
A function of the automatic traction control system is
To reduces engine torque
Before applying the brakes, the driver must consider
The weight of the Apparatus and condition of the brakes, tires, and road surface
Excessive or abrupt braking action can result in
A skidthat may cause injury to Firefightersand Lead to mechanical failure
this type of skid is usually caused by braking too hard ata high rate of Speed and locking the wheels. The vehicle will skid no matter which way the steering wheel turns
locked wheel skid
Whenever possible, avoid passing vehicles that do not
Pull over to yield to the fire apparatus
Engine lugging occurs when the throttle is applied when a manual transmission is in
Too high gear for the demand on the engine
If Lugging does occur, the driver/operator should not allow the engine rpm to drop
Below peak torque speed
It is the responsibility of the driver/operator to be familiar with all ——
laws,policies,and manufacturer’s recommendation’s in the operator manual
Too little weight on the driving axles can
Cause poor traction
Fire department person that must consult who when designing the warning light for apparatus
Local laws and ordinances
when driver operator release pressure from the accelerator the
engine brake or retarders is activated
NFPA 1901 requires that all apparatus with a GVWR of_______or greater be equipped with an auxiliary braking system
36,000 lbs
Threre are four types of auxiliary brakes to aid the foundation brakes in slowing the vehicle:
- EXHAUST BRAKE
- ENGINE COMPRESSION
- TRANSMISSION OUT PUT
- ELECTROMAGNETIC RETARDER
which two auxiliary braking systems provide the highest level of braking torque and are unaffecfed by transmission gear shift changes
transmission output retarders and electromagnetic retarders
any device that uses the engine and transmission to impede the forward motion of the motor vehicle by. ompression of the engine
an electronically actuated mechanical system added to the engine valve train
converts the mechanical energy of the vehicle into heat by compressing the intake air and then discharge the pressure into the atmosphere through the exhaust.
engine compression brake
which retarder is either mounted in the driveline or supplied as an integral part of thebrear axle.
electromagnetic
which retarder uses the viscous property of the automatic transmission fluid to retard the driveline
transmission output retarder
traction can be improved by the use of more aggressive tire____,tire_____,mechanical features in the _____or ______based automatic traction control
treads
chains
driveline
ABS
what feature automatically reduces engine torque and applies the brakes to wheel that have losr traction and begin to spin
automatic traction control
the purpose of what equipment is to improve traction and handling by locking the differential during off road and wet weather conditions
Driver controlled Differential lock
the_____ ____allows for speed differences between the rear driving axles
interaxle differential
_____ ______systems are designed to help prevent roll overs and tipping caused by cornering or sudden changes in direction
stability control systems
in addition to usual ABS senors______includes a lateral accelerometer that senses when the side force by cornering approchesnthe rollover threshold
roll stability control
electronic stability COntrol
____ ____ _____is a more capab,e system than RSC
applies the brakes independently to aim the vehicle in the direction
that the operator positions the steering wheel
once the spotter position has been established he should not
change mirror
Aerial Apparatus Hose Chutes:
Lay couplings so that they are pulled____
LAy hose so that it never crosses___
Maintain vehicle speed of ____mph or less. At___mph___of hose is pulled off each second. Traveling more than____mph is likely to cause a bose jam in tge bose chute
- out straight,without flipping around
- over itself when paying out
- 5 mph/5 mph/7 ft5/ mph
storage brackets and cabinets on apparatus must bd capable of restraining the equipment against a force up to _____times the equipmeng weight
ten times
high pressure hydrAulic fluid at pressures as low as___ __can penetrate skin
100 psi
electromagnetic retarders will experience some loss of effectiveness at high temperature
true
which retarder,when activated introduces transmission fluid into the retarder housing and energy is absorbed into the fluid through yhe opposing action of spinning vanes.
transmission retarders or transmission output retarders
transmission retarders can provide high braking capacity but are limited in ___ ____environment by the capacity of the vehicle cooling system
high ambient
what feature allow the operator in to lock out the interaxle differential action between the rear tandem driving axle creating one solid Drive lines between the rear axles
inter-axle differential lock
where RSC merely slows vehicle down, ESC applies the brakes independently to aim the vehicle in the direction that the operator position the steering wheel. to accomplish this,the ESC system in ludes a ____ _____sensors in addition to the lateral accelerometer
steering wheel
some systems use_____ _____mounted on the apparatus to activate sensors in the traffic lights
strobe lighte(emitters)
siren activated- preemption device:
this device may be adjusted to activate from distance of several
hundred feet to about half a mile
intersection equipped with siren activated device will have ____-inch _____and _____light mounted near the regular traffic light facing each direction of travel
3” white and blue
using a____ device and ____transmitter in the apparatus, data can be transmitted to a radio receiver on the traffic light in order to preemp a signal at the intersection
GPS/radio
to maintain control of the vehicle during acceleration skid the driver should not apply the____,ease off the____and straighten out the front wheels as if we could begin to respond
brake/, accelerator
D/O must balance the _____ brakes ____gear selection,and _____device in ordeo to maintain control when the descending grades during icy condition
service/transmission/retarding
ABS: skid control
* using an on-board computer that monitors each____and control pressure to the______maintaining optimal braking ability
wheel/brakes
ABD:Skid control
* using a sensing device to monitor the____of each Wheels, sending a signal to the on-board computer
speed
ABS Skid control:
receiving information from the computer when a wheel begins to _____ _______the computer Compares it to the information received from the other Wheels to determine if this particular wheel should still be turning. ______ is maintained as long as the wheels do not lock
lock up/steering
ABS SKID Control:
* reducing the _____ pressure allowing and allowing the wheel to continue to turn. Once it turns,it is ____again
brake/braked
a driver driving an apparatus not equipped with abs that enters into a skid should try release the brakes and allowed the wheel to rotate_____. you should turn the steering wheel in the direction the wheel should be_____. If you _____you will lose control of the vehicle
freely/traveling/oversteer
the amount of retardation force available from any auxilary braking system is a complex function of_____speed,_____speed,_____and ____strategy
vehicle/engine/temperature and control
what brakes uses a valve to restrict the flow of the exhaust,which creates back pressure that adds to the engines inherent braking ability?
Exhaust Brakes
brakes multiply their effectiveness through the transmission gearing, and the brake torque will ______ as the transmission _____
increase/downshift
What can ensure maximum braking efficiency
Effective handling and braking techniques
Consider a pumper with 1000 gallon tank,the difference in weight between a full and empty tank is over
8000 lbs
Many serious fire apparatus accident have been attributed to
Poor vehicle design and maintenance
A professional fire apparatus driver is expected to adjust and overcome driving challenges with
Intelligence, expediency, and safety
