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principles of pressure > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

Chapter 3

1
Q

according to the United States fire Administration ______were killed responding to and returning from emergency incident in 2010

A

seventeen firefighters (pg 79)

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2
Q

in order to meet the intent of NFPA 1002 candidates must have successfully completed _____course or equivalent

A

firefighter 1 (pg 80)

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3
Q

_____ of the law does not limit your liability for failing to follow it

A

ignorance (pg 83)

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4
Q

On apparatus equipped with airbrakes,the pressure should build to a sufficient level to allow Vehicle operations within how many seconds of starting

A

60 seconds

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5
Q

NFPA 1582

A

provide a specific standard that contain information and specific detail on uncorrected vision and disease of the eye

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6
Q

NFPA 1582

A

contain a list off frequencies that a driver must be able to hear and recommend rejecting a candidate who has hearing loss among these frequency

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7
Q

unless specifically exam, fire apparatus driver are subject to any____, rules, regulations or ordinance that governs any other vehicle operator

A

statue

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8
Q

The first element in learning to drive safely is to:

A

Develop a safety-conscious attitude

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9
Q

most driving regulations pertain to what types of condition

A

dry, clear roads during daylight conditions (pg 83)

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10
Q

What is NOT an exception to NFPA 1500 seated and belt requirement?

A

Riding in enclosed cages on the front of a brush truck.

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11
Q

the D/O is not protected from legal consequence of driving with______ for the safety of others

A

Reckless disregard (pg 84)

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12
Q

When should D/E avoid backing up the apparatus?

A

Whenever possible.

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13
Q

gross negligence

A

willful and wanton disregard

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14
Q

What should be done if a driver/operator does not have or cannot see the spotters?

A

Do not back the apparatus,

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15
Q

the driver most important responsibility is to

A

operate the apparatus safely during routine driving and while responding to emergency call (pg 84)

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16
Q

When proceeding through an intersection, wait for a go-ahead signal from each of the other drivers before proceeding.

A

Defensive driving techniques

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17
Q

a fire apparatus driver should maintain_______ in order to lower the chance of being involved in a collision with an object, pedestrian, or vehicle

A

situational awareness (85)

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18
Q

The time needed to stop the Apparatus or perform an evasive maneuver at the current rate of speed.

A

Visual lead time

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19
Q

what system do not reduce the potential for brake fade

A

radial tires and ABS braking system (87)

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20
Q

only effective handling and braking techniques can ensure maximum braking efficiency

A

true (87)

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21
Q

The loss of braking function which occurs due to excessive use of the brakes

A

Brake fade (87)

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22
Q

_____brake components lose their ability to stop the vehicle, regardless of the configuration braking system

A

overheating (87)

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23
Q

____and_____ brakes will both overheat if braking and driving habits are poor

A

disc and drum (87)

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24
Q

What % of all collision the driver engineer was not aware of a problem until it was too late

A

42% (88)

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25
Q

many serious fire apparatus accident has been attributed to

A

poor vehicle design and maintenance (89)

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26
Q

which NFPA standards establish requirements for seat belt use on the apparatus

A

NFPA 1901 standard for automotive Fire Apparatus and NFPA 1500 standard on fire department occupational safety and health program (90)

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27
Q

which NFPA standard provide direction for loading fire hose while driving the apparatus

A

NFPA 1500 (91)

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28
Q

While loading hose Drive the apparatus only in the forward direction at

A

5miles per hour when doing hose load (91)

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29
Q

Allowing diesel engine to idle unnecessarily will cause

A 
a. build up of carbon in injectors valves and 
 piston
b. Waste fuel
c. Damage to internal engine components 
 and emission systems (94)
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30
Q

High exhaust system temperature (HEST)

A

a. Lights on when the exhaust system is hot

b. Due to active regen in progress (94)

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31
Q

Diesel particulate filter (DPF)

A

Light up to indicate that the DPF is loading up with soot. (94)

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32
Q

DPF

A

collect particulates (soot)from the exhaust system and burn them off completely (95)

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33
Q

Active regen can occurs in two ways

A

a. Automatic: The engine will begin to dosing
fuel into the exhaust stream to
raise the exhaust temperature
and burn off the soot.

b. Manual (parked):
a. Requires operator to start (95)

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34
Q

An apparatus equipped with Selective Catalyst Reductant (SCR) will have

A

extra tank that must be fill with Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) (95)

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35
Q

have partner walk around the vehicle to identify the blind spots. Adjust each mirror to ______the number and extent of any blind-spot

A

minimize

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36
Q

weight transfer follow which law

A

the law of inertia

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37
Q

steering should be accomplished in a ____and ____motion rather than a series of____turns

A

smooth,fluid,multiple

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38
Q

when driving downhill use the service brake and auxilary well as manual shifting

A

to lower gears to limit speed

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39
Q

to prevent engine damage, limit downhill speed to lower than

A

maximum rpm

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40
Q

An aerial potential points of contact are

A

a. under the front
b. middle
c. rear

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41
Q

where the front tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the front

A

angle of approach

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42
Q

where the tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the rear

A

angle of departure

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43
Q

where the rear tires touch the ground to the bottom of the frame at the wheelbase midpoint.

A

breakover angle

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44
Q

weight carried can cause skidding or rollover due to

A

lateral weight transfer

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45
Q

ensure that the axle loading is balanced within 7% from side-side and within the axle weights ratings front-back.

A

true

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46
Q

the process of injecting are supplying the diesel engine with more fuel than can be burned

A

overthrottling

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47
Q

over throttling result in an excessive amount of

A

carbon particles in the exhaust , oil dilution , an additional fuel consumption

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48
Q

if lugging does occurs the driver should not allow the engine RPM to drop below

A

below Peak torque speed

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49
Q

which NFPA standard requires a placard in every apparatus that list the vehicle height and weight in feet and tons

A

NFPA 1901

50
Q

how many locations in the United States where there is less than 100’ follow the railroad track

A

19,824

51
Q

the driver should use the following guidelines to help avoid potential Collision:

Aim high in____. find a safe path well ahead
get the big____. stay back and see the reaction of other motorists
keep your ______moving
leave yourself an “______”
maintain enough distance from the vehicle ahead to_____
make sure that others can ____and _____you

A
  • steering
  • picture
  • eyes
  • out
  • pull out of traffic safely if the need aries
  • see and hear
52
Q

Aim high in steering

A

Find a safe path well ahead

53
Q

driver must come to a complete stop at intersections control with a?

A

red traffic light or stop sign

54
Q

at speeds above____, an emergency vehicle may outrun the effective range of its audible warning device

A

50 mph

55
Q

in some instances, increasing the speed of an apparatus by 20 mph can can decrease the audible Distance by

A

250’ or more

56
Q

_____lights are readily visible even during daylight hours

A

white

57
Q

always travel on the_____ lane(______ Lane) on multi-lane roads. Wait for vehicle in front of the apparatus to move to the right before passing

A

innermost (fast)

58
Q

Studies have shown that vehicle traveling with____ headlights on during daylight hours have fewer accident

A

low beam

59
Q

engine brakes and retarders help extend the life of service brake components

A

and make apparatus easier to manage

60
Q

when driving with ABS the driver should maintain a steady pressure

A

on the brake pedal,rather than pumping the pedal

61
Q

what provide the highest level of braking torque and are unaffected by transmission gear shift changes?

A

transmission output retarders and electromagnetic retarder

62
Q

spotters should be 8-10’

A

behind and to the left of the apparatus

63
Q

always open drain or bleeder valves to release pressure before removing intake or discharge cap

A

true

64
Q

It is essential that mirror adjustment take place at the start of shift each shift,or any time the driving responsibility changes from one driver to the next?

A

true

65
Q

Get the big picture

A

Stay back, and see the reactions of other motorists

66
Q

Keep your eyes moving

A

Scan the area - do not stare at one view

67
Q

How do a driver establish visual lead time?

A

By scanning their path of travel far enough ahead based upon their speed.

68
Q

The least capable of the four auxiliary brake devices is

A

The exhaust brake

69
Q

All fire fighters performing spotting duties should be

A

Wearing a reflective safety vest

70
Q

A function of the automatic traction control system is

A

To reduces engine torque

71
Q

Before applying the brakes, the driver must consider

A

The weight of the Apparatus and condition of the brakes, tires, and road surface

72
Q

Excessive or abrupt braking action can result in

A

A skidthat may cause injury to Firefightersand Lead to mechanical failure

73
Q

this type of skid is usually caused by braking too hard ata high rate of Speed and locking the wheels. The vehicle will skid no matter which way the steering wheel turns

A

locked wheel skid

74
Q

Whenever possible, avoid passing vehicles that do not

A

Pull over to yield to the fire apparatus

75
Q

Engine lugging occurs when the throttle is applied when a manual transmission is in

A

Too high gear for the demand on the engine

76
Q

If Lugging does occur, the driver/operator should not allow the engine rpm to drop

A

Below peak torque speed

77
Q

It is the responsibility of the driver/operator to be familiar with all ——

A

laws,policies,and manufacturer’s recommendation’s in the operator manual

78
Q

Too little weight on the driving axles can

A

Cause poor traction

79
Q

Fire department person that must consult who when designing the warning light for apparatus

A

Local laws and ordinances

80
Q

when driver operator release pressure from the accelerator the

A

engine brake or retarders is activated

81
Q

NFPA 1901 requires that all apparatus with a GVWR of_______or greater be equipped with an auxiliary braking system

A

36,000 lbs

82
Q

Threre are four types of auxiliary brakes to aid the foundation brakes in slowing the vehicle:

A
  • EXHAUST BRAKE
  • ENGINE COMPRESSION
  • TRANSMISSION OUT PUT
  • ELECTROMAGNETIC RETARDER
83
Q

which two auxiliary braking systems provide the highest level of braking torque and are unaffecfed by transmission gear shift changes

A

transmission output retarders and electromagnetic retarders

84
Q

any device that uses the engine and transmission to impede the forward motion of the motor vehicle by. ompression of the engine

an electronically actuated mechanical system added to the engine valve train

converts the mechanical energy of the vehicle into heat by compressing the intake air and then discharge the pressure into the atmosphere through the exhaust.

A

engine compression brake

85
Q

which retarder is either mounted in the driveline or supplied as an integral part of thebrear axle.

A

electromagnetic

86
Q

which retarder uses the viscous property of the automatic transmission fluid to retard the driveline

A

transmission output retarder

87
Q

traction can be improved by the use of more aggressive tire____,tire_____,mechanical features in the _____or ______based automatic traction control

A

treads
chains
driveline
ABS

88
Q

what feature automatically reduces engine torque and applies the brakes to wheel that have losr traction and begin to spin

A

automatic traction control

89
Q

the purpose of what equipment is to improve traction and handling by locking the differential during off road and wet weather conditions

A

Driver controlled Differential lock

90
Q

the_____ ____allows for speed differences between the rear driving axles

A

interaxle differential

91
Q

_____ ______systems are designed to help prevent roll overs and tipping caused by cornering or sudden changes in direction

A

stability control systems

92
Q

in addition to usual ABS senors______includes a lateral accelerometer that senses when the side force by cornering approchesnthe rollover threshold

A

roll stability control

93
Q

electronic stability COntrol

A

____ ____ _____is a more capab,e system than RSC

applies the brakes independently to aim the vehicle in the direction
that the operator positions the steering wheel

94
Q

once the spotter position has been established he should not

A

change mirror

95
Q

Aerial Apparatus Hose Chutes:
Lay couplings so that they are pulled____
LAy hose so that it never crosses___
Maintain vehicle speed of ____mph or less. At___mph___of hose is pulled off each second. Traveling more than____mph is likely to cause a bose jam in tge bose chute

A
  • out straight,without flipping around
  • over itself when paying out
  • 5 mph/5 mph/7 ft5/ mph
96
Q

storage brackets and cabinets on apparatus must bd capable of restraining the equipment against a force up to _____times the equipmeng weight

A

ten times

97
Q

high pressure hydrAulic fluid at pressures as low as___ __can penetrate skin

A

100 psi

98
Q

electromagnetic retarders will experience some loss of effectiveness at high temperature

A

true

99
Q

which retarder,when activated introduces transmission fluid into the retarder housing and energy is absorbed into the fluid through yhe opposing action of spinning vanes.

A

transmission retarders or transmission output retarders

100
Q

transmission retarders can provide high braking capacity but are limited in ___ ____environment by the capacity of the vehicle cooling system

A

high ambient

101
Q

what feature allow the operator in to lock out the interaxle differential action between the rear tandem driving axle creating one solid Drive lines between the rear axles

A

inter-axle differential lock

102
Q

where RSC merely slows vehicle down, ESC applies the brakes independently to aim the vehicle in the direction that the operator position the steering wheel. to accomplish this,the ESC system in ludes a ____ _____sensors in addition to the lateral accelerometer

A

steering wheel

103
Q

some systems use_____ _____mounted on the apparatus to activate sensors in the traffic lights

A

strobe lighte(emitters)

104
Q

siren activated- preemption device:

this device may be adjusted to activate from distance of several

A

hundred feet to about half a mile

105
Q

intersection equipped with siren activated device will have ____-inch _____and _____light mounted near the regular traffic light facing each direction of travel

A

3” white and blue

106
Q

using a____ device and ____transmitter in the apparatus, data can be transmitted to a radio receiver on the traffic light in order to preemp a signal at the intersection

A

GPS/radio

107
Q

to maintain control of the vehicle during acceleration skid the driver should not apply the____,ease off the____and straighten out the front wheels as if we could begin to respond

A

brake/, accelerator

108
Q

D/O must balance the _____ brakes ____gear selection,and _____device in ordeo to maintain control when the descending grades during icy condition

A

service/transmission/retarding

109
Q

ABS: skid control

* using an on-board computer that monitors each____and control pressure to the______maintaining optimal braking ability

A

wheel/brakes

110
Q

ABD:Skid control

* using a sensing device to monitor the____of each Wheels, sending a signal to the on-board computer

A

speed

111
Q

ABS Skid control:
receiving information from the computer when a wheel begins to _____ _______the computer Compares it to the information received from the other Wheels to determine if this particular wheel should still be turning. ______ is maintained as long as the wheels do not lock

A

lock up/steering

112
Q

ABS SKID Control:

* reducing the _____ pressure allowing and allowing the wheel to continue to turn. Once it turns,it is ____again

A

brake/braked

113
Q

a driver driving an apparatus not equipped with abs that enters into a skid should try release the brakes and allowed the wheel to rotate_____. you should turn the steering wheel in the direction the wheel should be_____. If you _____you will lose control of the vehicle

A

freely/traveling/oversteer

114
Q

the amount of retardation force available from any auxilary braking system is a complex function of_____speed,_____speed,_____and ____strategy

A

vehicle/engine/temperature and control

115
Q

what brakes uses a valve to restrict the flow of the exhaust,which creates back pressure that adds to the engines inherent braking ability?

A

Exhaust Brakes

116
Q

brakes multiply their effectiveness through the transmission gearing, and the brake torque will ______ as the transmission _____

A

increase/downshift

117
Q

What can ensure maximum braking efficiency

A

Effective handling and braking techniques

118
Q

Consider a pumper with 1000 gallon tank,the difference in weight between a full and empty tank is over

A

8000 lbs

119
Q

Many serious fire apparatus accident have been attributed to

A

Poor vehicle design and maintenance

120
Q

A professional fire apparatus driver is expected to adjust and overcome driving challenges with

A

Intelligence, expediency, and safety

principles of pressure (17 decks)

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