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principles of pressure > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

Chapter 16

1
Q

All aerial apparatus should meet the design requirements of?

A

NFPA 1901

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2
Q

The two most common materials for construction of aerial ladders are

A

Heat-treated aluminum alloy and steel

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3
Q

aerial ladders designed and built with?

A

K-bracing

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4
Q

An aerial apparatus is unique because it is

A

Equipped with one of several varieties of aerial devices

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5
Q

The three main portion of an aerial ladder to which most firefighters and drivers are commonly refers to are

A

1•base rails(beams)
2•top rails(handrails)
3•rungs

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6
Q

A device that transfers the center of gravity of an apparatus and prevented from tipping as the aerial device

A

Stabilizer

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7
Q

The function of the hydraulic system is to provide power for operating

A

Various hydraulic components needed to stabilize the apparatus and operate the aerial device

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8
Q

Hydraulic system has four main components

A

1• actuators: Transformers power into
mechanical force

2• Hydraulic fluid: The medium by which the
system transmits force

3• hydraulic pump: power by a PTO
arrangement off the
vehicle’s main engine

4•Hydraulic reservoir: supplies the hydraulic
fluid that move in and
out of the system

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9
Q

one of the most important valves is the _____

A

SELECTOR VALVE

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10
Q

One of the most important valve in the system is the

A

Selector valve also known as the transfer or diverter.

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11
Q

By blocking the flow to the system that in use

A

Selector valve act as an interlock to prevent stabilization and aerial device systems from operating at the same time

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12
Q

Hydraulic cylinder use for elevation and telescopic control of the aerial device and for operating to stabilizers are

A

Double acting

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13
Q

Double acting cylinders are capable of receiving oil under pressure from both sides of the piston

A

So that force can be created in either direction

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14
Q

Hydraulic motors convert energy in the system into

A

Rotary motion

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15
Q

NFPA 1901 categorizes aerial devices into three categories

A

1• aerial ladders
2• elevating platforms
3• water towers

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16
Q

the supporting beams of the ladder are of aerial truss construction,which provides

A

the required strength for this work application

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17
Q

trusses consist of an assembly of (pg.543)

A

bars or rods to from a rigid framework

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18
Q

A properly designed truss permits tension and compression stresses

A

To be distributed over the length of the ladder for maximum strength with minimal weight

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19
Q

Aerial apparatus

A

Fire fighting vehicle with a hydraulically operated ladder,elevating platform, or similar device for the purpose of placing personnel and/or water stream elevated positions

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20
Q

What is the general term used to describe the Hydraulically operated ladder are elevating platform attached to a specially designed fire apparatus

A

Aerial device

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21
Q

What NFPA establishes requirements for the dimensions of sections and structural members of the aerial ladder

A

NFPA 1901

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22
Q

The function of the hydraulic systems is to

A

Provide power for operating the various hydraulic components needed to stabilize the Apparatus and operate the aerial device

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23
Q

Force is created on the fluid by

A

By a hydraulic pump

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24
Q

The pump used for hydraulic system is either

A

1• A load sensing piston pump
2• Rotary vane pump
3• Rotary gear positive-displacement pump

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25
Q

Hydraulic fluid is used because it is practically

A

incompressible,and is allows force to be transmitted over relatively large distance with little loss of power.

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26
Q

Depends on the manufacture of the a aerial apparatus the fluid maybe under pressure of

A

3500 psi

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27
Q

Normally hydraulic pressure is from

A

850-3000 psi

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28
Q

Stabilizing cylinder take much of the Apparatus weight off the suspension

A

Providing a solid, Stable base for operating the aerial device

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29
Q

What is used to elevate an aerial device

A

Hoisting cylinders

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30
Q

Hoisting cylinders are equipped with integral safety valves that

A

Lock or hold oil in the cylinder in the event of a leak or a blowout

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31
Q

Aerial ladder apparatus is

A

The most common type of aerial fire apparatus operated in North America

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32
Q

The working height for an aerial ladders is measured from the ground

A

to the highest ladder rung with the ladder at maximum elevation and extension

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33
Q

The main uses of the aerial ladders are

A 
1• rescue
2• ventilation
3• elevated master stream applications
4• Gaining access to upped level of 
 an emergency scene
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34
Q

Aerial ladders are also an excellent resource for

A

Exposure protection and above ground fire fighting

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35
Q

It is also a common to used aerial device to

A

Access lower floors or rescue areas,when expediency or safety is a factor.

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36
Q

An elevating platform leveling system is required

A

So that the platform position is horizontal to the ground at all times

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37
Q

The required minimum floor area of a platform is

A

14 square feet

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38
Q

Platform must have a rail completely enclosing the floor area with no opening under the railing greater than

A

24”

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39
Q

Kick plate is required at floor level and should be

A

4”

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40
Q

All elevating platforms are required to have two operator control stations

A
  • one at street level

- one in the platform

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41
Q

The controls at street level must be able to

A

Override the platform controls

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42
Q

To protect Firefighter on the platfrom from radiated heat

A

A heat protective shield is built in

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43
Q

The term quint is derived from

A

the descriptive phrase quintuple fire apparatus or quintuple combination pumper

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44
Q

The features established by NFPA 1901 that a quint must have are

A 
1• fire pump
2•water tank
3•supply attack hoses
4•ground ladders
5• aerial device our platform
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45
Q

The top section of many aerial devices are

A

Extended and retracted by cables and pulleys

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46
Q

Turntable

A

Rotational structural component of the aerial device.

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47
Q

The primary function of the turntable is to

A

Provide continuous rotation on a horizontal plane

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48
Q

Turntable should be inspected regularly for wear(periodically based on manufacturers torque specification)

A

True

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49
Q

The operator control panel is positioned to the side of the aerial device to

A

Better enable operator to see the tip and any personnel operating there

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50
Q

Interlock

A

A safety device that prevents a component from functioning when another component is functioning

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51
Q

Rotation interlock (Short jack)

A

The aerial device will not rotate over the side of the Apparatus where the stabilizers are not fully extended

52
Q

There are two types of pre-piped waterway systems

A

1•Bed ladder systems

2•Telescoping waterway systems(most common type)

53
Q

The telescoping piping system consist of

A

Three or four sections that decrease in diameter(minimum internal diameter is 4”)

54
Q

Most telescoping that existing are capable of flowing up to

A

1000 gpm

55
Q

Detachable a ladder pipes should not have a

A

Horizontal range of movement exceed and 15° in either direction

56
Q

Inverter is a step up transformer that convert

A

The vehicle’s 12 or 24 volt D.C. current into 110 or 230 volt AC current.

57
Q

Vehicle mounted generators can be powered by a (pg.574)

A

Variety of fuels or power take off (PTO)

58
Q

It is common for fire department aerial apparatus to carry

A

A variety of extrication equipment

59
Q

The most commonly used tools are

A

Hydraulic power extrication tools

60
Q

Hose distance 100 feet or greater from the hydraulic pump

A

May have a negative effect on tool operation

61
Q

The variety of ground ladders on aerial apparatus is dictated by

A

1• NFPA 1901
2• Insurance industry
3•AHJ

62
Q

The driver/operator must also know the procedures for

A

Inspecting, testing, and maintaining ground ladders

63
Q

The driver/operator should be familiar with the

A

Location,operation, inspection and servicing each types of forcible entry equipment carried on the Apparatus

64
Q

Smoke ejectors are placed in windows, doors, or roof opening for drawing out heat, smoke,and gases

A

By creating a lower pressure inside the fire building

65
Q

Positive pressure ventilation fans are used to

A

Increase the air pressure and a structure and thus force out the by products of combustion

66
Q

Driver/operator. will be expected

A

To inspect and test devices on regular basis

67
Q

Power equipment should be started daily and inspected

A

True

68
Q

All equipment, whether required or not

A

Must be tested periodically to the applicable NFPA standard

69
Q

Once the general inspection of the Apparatus as being completed

A

The driver/operator should make a visual and operational inspection of the aerial device

70
Q

Check the fluid in the hydraulic reservoir

A

When the system is cold,unless otherwise specified by the manufacture

71
Q

The device may be inspected in the stowed position

A

But extended is the preferred method

72
Q

Perform and operational inspection of the aerial device

A

When the visual inspection is complete

73
Q

The operational inspection serves two purposes

A

1•to ensure that the aerial device is in proper working condition
2•Serves as a review of the aerial device operation for the driver

74
Q

By operating the aerial device at least once every work period

A

The driver/operator will be more prepared to operate efficiently under emergency conditions

75
Q

A full visual inspection may require the aerial to be placed in a

A

full horizontal position at full extension

76
Q

Department SOP’s should identify each interlock

A

And provide a procedure and how to ensure that each is functioning safely

77
Q

The main hydraulic system should be disengaged and the control valve must be open before turning on the pump to prevent

A

Deadheading,when testing the emergency power unit

78
Q

Apparatus test are grouped into two basic categories

A

1• preservice test

2• Service test

79
Q

All test conform to the most current edition of NFPA 1911 and 1901

A

True

80
Q

deadheading

A

Operating a hydraulic pump without allowing flow through the system; this generate tremendous heat and pressure and can damage components

81
Q

Service test are conducted on

A

At least yearly basis while the apparatuses is in service

82
Q

Nondestructive testing is conducted every

A

Five years

83
Q

Nondestructive testing is conducted after

A

1• accidents
2•Unusual stresses and loads
3•Major repairs or overhauls

84
Q

The best guarantee that the Apparatus will perform within its design limitation is

A

An organized system of Apparatus testing and regular maintenance

85
Q

The insurance industry requires apparatus testing in order for the community to

A

To Receive full insurance rating credit, and this ultimate affect the insurance rates for customers in the jurisdiction

86
Q

Functions should be performed in sequence

A

1• elevate
2• rotate
3• extend

87
Q

what is the term for the bottom section of the aerial ladder?

A

Base

88
Q

what is a base rail?

A

the lower chords of the aerial ladder to which the rings, trusses, and other portions of the ladder are attached

89
Q

which types of valves control the flow of hydraulic fluid from an aerial apparatus hydraulic system to the hydraulic cylinders?

A

actuator valves

90
Q

which of the following is the function of aerial device hoisting cylinders?

A

elevate the aerial device from its stowed position

91
Q

the operator’s control pedestal usually stands about ___ feet high

A

3.5’

92
Q

most ladder pipes should be operated from an aerial positioned between ___ degrees

A

70- 80°

93
Q

portable lights generally range from

A

300-1000watts

94
Q

fixed lights generally have a capability of ___ per light

A

500-1500 watts

95
Q

hose distances of ___ ft or greater from hydraulic tool pumps may have a diminishing effect on tool operation

A

100

96
Q

during an air brake test with the engine off, transmission in neutral, full air tanks, and parking brake released, air pressure should not drop more than 3 psi after

A

1 minute

97
Q

what is the final step in a walk-around inspection

A

performing a functional test on apparatus systems

98
Q

in the context of aerial apparatus inspection, free play is the distance an activation device will move
Definition
while the system it is a part of is inactive

A

While the system it is a part of is inactive

99
Q

for a building less than five stories tall, where should aerial apparatus park

A

On the outside of the engine

100
Q

Quints may be customized to accommodate differences in

A

1• geography
2•type of occupancy and construction
3•Water supply

101
Q

NFPA 1911 specify for breathing air systems on aerial devices should be tested

A

Annually testing of the breathing air system and the equality of the stored air

102
Q

Though historically,some manufacturers of telescoping water Towers have equipped them with ladders, the affixed must meet the requirements of_____to be truly be considered an aerial

A

NFPA 1901

103
Q

counterbalance valves

A

Prevent unintentional or undesirable Motion of the aerial device from its established position

104
Q

type of hydraulic pumps in aerials

A

rotary vane or rotary gear

105
Q

pressure of hydraulic fluid in aerials

A

3500 psi or more

106
Q

what supplements hyrdaulic reservoirs ability to condition fluid

A

filters and exchange type oil coolers

107
Q

where are hydraulic reservoir coolers usually located

A

In front of the vehicles radiator

108
Q

valve that controls flow of oil from hydraulic system to the hyrdraulic cylinders

A

Actuator valve

109
Q

how is structural members of ladder connected

A

rivets, welded for steel, heliarced for aluminum alloy

110
Q

normal hydraulic pressure

A

850-3000 psi

111
Q

what may need shut off before engaging aerial PTO

A

Jake brake

112
Q

what stresses are created when aerial rungs are not parallel to ground
lateral and torsional

A

Lateral and torsional

113
Q

How much weight should the topmost portion of the aerial ladder fly most be cable of supporting when the ladder is extended st any elevation within it normal range

A

250 lbs

114
Q

How fast would a 110 feet or less ladder need to lower stabilizers and raised to it’s maximum elevation and rotated 90 degrees per NDPA 1901

A

120 seconds or less

115
Q

Depending on the manufacturer of the aerial device, the pump used for the hydraulic system is either

A

A load sensing piston pump, rotary vane pump or rotary gear positive-displacement pump

116
Q

Cooler, usually located in front of the vehicle’s radiator,

A

remove heat from the fluid as it returns to the reservoir from the hydraulic system

117
Q

Most manufacturers use steel tubing and aircraft type

.

A

steel-braided hose

118
Q

Hose must be rated to withstand pressures

.

A

at least four times greater than normal operating pressure

119
Q

what is a check valves

A

prevent fluid from flowing

backward through a component and acts as a safety feature in the event that a leak develops in the system

120
Q

Hydraulic motors convert energy in the system

into

A

rotary motion

121
Q

There are two rotary motor systems of the apparatus.

A

One rotates the aerial device through a ring and pinion drive and the other operates a winch drive (in older aerial apparatus) to extend and retract the aerial device

122
Q

The auxiliary pump is typically

A

a 12-volt DC, electrically operated pump connected directly to the vehicles battery, back up unit that helps bring down ladder

123
Q

The end of the piston rod outside the cylinder

A

is fitted with a trunnion that is anchored to the aerial device or to the turntable, depending on the make of the apparatus

124
Q

Aerial ladder truss

A
  • assembly of bracing bars or rods in triangular shapes that form a rigid framework for the aerial device
125
Q

The supporting beam of the ladder are of ____ _____ ______Construction, which provides the required strength for this work application

A

Aerial ladder truss

126
Q

The end of the piston rod outside a cylinder is fitted with a____ that is anchored to the aerial device or to the turntable

A

TRUNNION

134
Q

Aerial ladders made in North America, the extended length ranges from

A

50-137 ft

principles of pressure (17 decks)

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