Chapter 3 Flashcards
Hernan Cortez
Defeated Aztecs
Moctezuma
Aztec chief
Civil war
War between 2 groups in the same nation
Viceroys
Representative of a king in a colony
Peninsulares
Spanish-born people who lived in the colonies
Creoles
American born descendants who lived in a colony
Privateers
State sponsored pirates
Triangular trade
Economic system that linked Africa, Europe, and America
Middle passage
Slave journey between Africa and Americas
Olaudah equiano
Slave, freed and wrote autobiography
Mutiny
Rebellion on a slave ship
Inflation
A rise in prices
Capitalism
Investment of money to make a profit
Entrepreneur
Person who takes a financial risk to make a profit
Mercantilism
Economic policy designed to strengthen a nation’s economy
How did the tiano Indians treat the Spanish
At first, very generous
What was the attitude of the Spanish towards the Aztec religion
Disliked it, tried to convert them to Christianity
What was the most important accomplishment of Francisco Pizarro
Defeated the inca
How did the American Indians resist the Spanish conquest of South America
Wars with Europeans, kept their language and culture
What were the reasons for the Spanish colonization of the Americas
Spread faith, get rich, get land
What was the encomienda system
Allowed Spanish go demand labor from the Indians
What were mulattoes and mestizos
Mestizos: mixed race of Indians and whites
Mulattoes: mixed race of Africans and white
What was the economy of New France based upon
Fur trade
What was the purpose of the mayflower compact
Set guidelines for governing
Describe the type of government in the English colonies in North America
Colonial legislatures and royal governors
What were the results of the French and Indian war
British dominated North America
What do the cities of Bristol, England, nantes, France, and Newport RI have in common
All grew prosperous due to triangular trade
What was a floating coffin
A slave ship
Describe the hardships slaves faced in the middle passage
Disease, filth, whippings
What were the effects of the African slave trade
It helped colonies’ economies and kept wages low
What is the importance of the Colombian exchange
Flow around the world of plants, animals, and people
Why did the global population rise greatly during this period
Better diet through new crops
Describe the importance colonies played in the mercantile system
Provides natural resources and markets, built up gold and silver supply for the mother country
How did Herman Cortez conquer the Aztec empire
By using Indian allies and by being ruthless
Why did the population of New France grow slowly
Because it was based on fur trading and Catholics were the only ones who could settle there
Why did Europe suffer from widespread inflation in the 1500s
Because of the gold and silver coming from the Americas
Why did mercantilist policy seek to protect local industries from foreign competition
Implemented tariffs, sought to strengthen their economy
What export turned around the Jamestown colony
Tobacco exports
Immunity
Resistance to disease
