Chapter 16 Flashcards
speakeasies
Illegal bars
psychoanalysis
Method to treat mental disorders
abstract
Art movement consisting of lines, colors, and shapes
dada
Art movement; belief there is no sense or truth in the world
surrealism
Art that attempted to portray the workings of the subconscious mind
General strike
Strike by many workers in many industries
Finance
Management of money matters
Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator of Italy
Black shirts
Mussolinis enforcers
Totalitarian state
Government that regulates all aspects of citizens lives
Fascism
Authoritarian government, not communist
Command economy
System in which government makes all economic decisions
Collectives
State owned farms, run by peasants
Kulaks
Wealthy Russian farmers
Gulag
Brutal prison camps in Soviet Union
Socialist realism
Artistic style that showed communism in a positive light
Comintern
Encouraged world-wide revolution
Third Reich
German empire under hitler
Gestapo
Nazi secret police
Nuremberg laws
Discriminated against Jews
Kristallnacht
Nazi attack on Jewish businesses and synagogues
What was the mood of the postwar world after WW1
No sense of optimism
What did Einstein argue about the ideas of time and space
Measurements of time and space are not absolute
What were the trends in art after World War I
Towards abstract art
Why did the US emerge from World War I in the best financial shape of any major nation
It had the strongest economy and loaned other nations money
What was the purpose of the Kellogg Briand peace pact
To end war as an instrument of national policy
What were the causes of the Great Depression
Overproduction of goods; unequal distribution of wealth
Why were Italian nationalist angry after World War I
Italy didn’t get land as promised
Who benefited the most under Mussolini system of government
Upper classes and factory owners
Why did fascism appeal to Italians
It promised a stable government
How did fascism differ from communism
Fascism was pro-capitalist, pro-war, and embraced extreme nationalism
What was the purpose of Stalins five-year plans
To build up industry and transportation
What was Stalins agricultural policy
Collectivized agriculture, provided tractors, fertilizer, and seeds
What was the purpose of Stalin’s great purge and show trials
To eliminate anyone who was considered a threat
What was Soviet state policy toward religion
Persecuted it, promised atheism
What was the goal of Comintern
To encourage world-wide communist revolution
What problems did the Weimer republic face
Runaway inflation and many political parties
According to Mein Kampf how did Hitler believe that Germany could return to power
Uniting all Germans into one nation
How did Hitler come to power
By legal election
What was the Nazi goal in relation to German culture
To purify German culture
Why did authoritarian rule spread in Eastern Europe
Lack of experience with democracy
Why was the discovery of penicillin so important
Fought bacterial infections
What was the purpose of the Nuremberg laws of 1935
Deprived Jews of citizenship
Flapper
A woman who rejected old ways for new freedoms
How did western nations attempt to end the Great Depression
Created government programs to relieve suffering
