Chapter 16

Question 1

speakeasies

Answer 1

Illegal bars

Question 2

psychoanalysis

Answer 2

Method to treat mental disorders

Question 3

abstract

Answer 3

Art movement consisting of lines, colors, and shapes

Question 4

dada

Answer 4

Art movement; belief there is no sense or truth in the world

Question 5

surrealism

Answer 5

Art that attempted to portray the workings of the subconscious mind

Question 6

General strike

Answer 6

Strike by many workers in many industries

Question 7

Finance

Answer 7

Management of money matters

Question 8

Benito Mussolini

Answer 8

Fascist dictator of Italy

Question 9

Black shirts

Answer 9

Mussolinis enforcers

Question 10

Totalitarian state

Answer 10

Government that regulates all aspects of citizens lives

Question 11

Fascism

Answer 11

Authoritarian government, not communist

Question 12

Command economy

Answer 12

System in which government makes all economic decisions

Question 13

Collectives

Answer 13

State owned farms, run by peasants

Question 14

Kulaks

Answer 14

Wealthy Russian farmers

Question 15

Gulag

Answer 15

Brutal prison camps in Soviet Union

Question 16

Socialist realism

Answer 16

Artistic style that showed communism in a positive light

Question 17

Comintern

Answer 17

Encouraged world-wide revolution

Question 18

Third Reich

Answer 18

German empire under hitler

Question 19

Gestapo

Answer 19

Nazi secret police

Question 20

Nuremberg laws

Answer 20

Discriminated against Jews

Question 21

Kristallnacht

Answer 21

Nazi attack on Jewish businesses and synagogues

Question 22

What was the mood of the postwar world after WW1

Answer 22

No sense of optimism

Question 23

What did Einstein argue about the ideas of time and space

Answer 23

Measurements of time and space are not absolute

Question 24

What were the trends in art after World War I

Answer 24

Towards abstract art

Question 25

Why did the US emerge from World War I in the best financial shape of any major nation

Answer 25

It had the strongest economy and loaned other nations money

Question 26

What was the purpose of the Kellogg Briand peace pact

Answer 26

To end war as an instrument of national policy

Question 27

What were the causes of the Great Depression

Answer 27

Overproduction of goods; unequal distribution of wealth

Question 28

Why were Italian nationalist angry after World War I

Answer 28

Italy didn't get land as promised

Question 29

Who benefited the most under Mussolini system of government

Answer 29

Upper classes and factory owners

Question 30

Why did fascism appeal to Italians

Answer 30

It promised a stable government

Question 31

How did fascism differ from communism

Answer 31

Fascism was pro-capitalist, pro-war, and embraced extreme nationalism

Question 32

What was the purpose of Stalins five-year plans

Answer 32

To build up industry and transportation

Question 33

What was Stalins agricultural policy

Answer 33

Collectivized agriculture, provided tractors, fertilizer, and seeds

Question 34

What was the purpose of Stalin's great purge and show trials

Answer 34

To eliminate anyone who was considered a threat

Question 35

What was Soviet state policy toward religion

Answer 35

Persecuted it, promised atheism

Question 36

What was the goal of Comintern

Answer 36

To encourage world-wide communist revolution

Question 37

What problems did the Weimer republic face

Answer 37

Runaway inflation and many political parties

Question 38

According to Mein Kampf how did Hitler believe that Germany could return to power

Answer 38

Uniting all Germans into one nation

Question 39

How did Hitler come to power

Answer 39

By legal election

Question 40

What was the Nazi goal in relation to German culture

Answer 40

To purify German culture

Question 41

Why did authoritarian rule spread in Eastern Europe

Answer 41

Lack of experience with democracy

Question 42

Why was the discovery of penicillin so important

Answer 42

Fought bacterial infections

Question 43

What was the purpose of the Nuremberg laws of 1935

Answer 43

Deprived Jews of citizenship

Question 44

Flapper

Answer 44

A woman who rejected old ways for new freedoms

Question 45

How did western nations attempt to end the Great Depression

Answer 45

Created government programs to relieve suffering