Chapter 3 & 4 Vocab

Question 0

Cohesion

Answer 0

The BINDING TOGETHER of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds

Question 1

Polar molecule

Answer 1

A molecule (such as water) WITH OPPOSITE CHARGES ON DIFFERENT ENDS of the molecule

Question 2

Adhesion

Answer 2

The ATTRACTION between different kinds of molecules

Question 3

Surface tension

Answer 3

A measure of how DIFFICULT it is to STRETCH OR BREAK THE SURFACE OF A LIQUID. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules.

Question 4

Solution

Answer 4

A liquid that is a HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES

Question 5

Solvent

Answer 5

The DISSOLVING AGENT of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known

Question 6

Solute

Answer 6

A substance that is DISSOLVED IN A SOLUTION

Question 7

Aqueous solution

Answer 7

A solution in which water is the solvent

Question 8

Hydrophilic

Answer 8

Having and AFFINITY for water

Question 9

Hydrophobic

Answer 9

HAVING AN AVERSION TO WATER; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water

Question 10

Acid

Answer 10

a substance that INCREASES THE HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION of a solution

Question 11

Base

Answer 11

A substance that REDUCES THE HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION of a solution

Question 12

Buffers

Answer 12

A substance that consists of ACID AND BASE FORMS in a solution and that MINIMIZES CHANGES IN PH WHEN EXTRANEOUS ACIDS OR BASES ARE ADDED to the solution

Question 13

Acid precipitation

Answer 13

Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.2

Question 14

Organic chemistry

Answer 14

The STUDY OF CARBON COMPOUNDS (organic compound)

Question 15

Hydrocarbons

Answer 15

An ORGANIC molecule consisting only of CARBON AND HYDROGEN

Question 16

Functional groups

Answer 16

A specific configuration of atoms commonly ATTACHED TO THE CARBON SKELETONS OF ORGANIC MOLECULES and usually involved in chemical reactions

Question 17

Hydroxyl group

Answer 17

Ma chemical group consisting of an OXYGEN ATOM JOINED BY A HYDROGEN ATOM. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols

Question 18

Amino group

Answer 18

An organic molecule POSSESSING BOTH CARBOXYL AND AMINO GROUPS. Amino acids serve as the monomers of polypeptides.

Question 19

Phosphate group

Answer 19

A chemical group consisting of a PHOSPHORUS ATOM BONDED TO FOUR OXYGEN ATOMS; important in energy transfer

Question 20

Methyl group

Answer 20

A chemical group consisting of a CARBON BONDED TO THREE HYDROGEN ATOMS. The methyl group may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom

Question 21

Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 21

(ATP) an adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that RELEASES FREE ENERGY WHEN ITS PHOSPHATE BONDS ARE HYDROLYZED. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells