Chapter 13 Vocab Flashcards
Autosome
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome
Alternation of generations
A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid cell, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae
Asexual reproduction
The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes ( by boating, division of a single cell, or division of the entire organism into two or more parts). In many, but not all, cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent
Clone
1- A lineage of genetically identical individuals our cells
2- in popular of usage, a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual
3-as a verb, to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell
Crossing over
The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase one of meiosis
Diploid cell
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), One set inherited from each parent
Fertilization
1-The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote
2- The addition of mineral nutrients to the soil
Gametes
A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Give me a night during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote
Genes
A discrete unit of heredity information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, and some viruses)
Heredity
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity and heredity variation
Haploid cell
A cell containing only one set of chromosomes(n)
Life cycle
The generation to generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism
Karyotype
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell range by size and shape
Homologous chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess jeans for the same characters that corresponding Loki. One homologous chromosomes is inherited from the organisms father, the other from the mother. Also called home alarms or a homologous pair
Meiosis
A modified type of cell division and sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of subdivision but only one round of DNA replication. It results in sales with half the number of chromosomes that’s a zero to know so
Meiosis I
The first division of a two-stage process of cell division and sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells without the number of chromosome sets as the original so
Meiosis II
The second division of a two-stage process of selling vision and sexually reproducing organisms result in cells with half the number of chromosomes sets of the original cell
Recombinant chromosomes
A chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome
Sexual reproduction
A type of reproduction in which to parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the game eats of the two parents
Somatic cell
Any cell in a multicellular organism except the sperm or egg cell
Sex chromosomes
A chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual
Variation
Differences between members of the same species
Spores
1-in the lifecycle of a plant or algae undergoing alternation of generations, a haploid cells produced in the sporophyte by meiosis. A spore can divide by mitosis to develop into a multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell
2-in the fungi, a haploid cell, produced either sexually or asexually, that produces a mycelium after germination
