Chapter 2 Test Review Flashcards

0
Q

Elements of CHONPS?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur

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1
Q

4 elements that make up 96% of living matter

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

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2
Q

Example of a trace element that all organisms need

A

Iron

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3
Q

Example of a trace element that all vertebrates need

A

Iodine

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4
Q

Mass number?

A

Protons+neutrons= mass number

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5
Q

Atomic number?

A

Protons= electrons= atomic number

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6
Q

How can two atoms be isotopes?

A

Isotopes are different forms of an element

Differ in neutrons and mass

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7
Q

Number of electrons in first valence shell

A

2

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8
Q

Number of electrons in second valence shell

A

8

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9
Q

Number of electrons in third valence shell

A

18

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10
Q

When is a covalent bond polar?

A

When one atom is more electronegative

The electrons are not shared equally

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11
Q

Why are water molecules attracted to each other?

A

Hydrogen bonds attract water molecules to each other

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12
Q

Remember

A

Elements are in their purest form

They cannot be broken down

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13
Q

What makes up the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

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14
Q

Where are electrons?

A

Electron cloud/ shells

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15
Q

Protons?

A

Positive
1 dalton
Determine element

16
Q

Neutrons?

A

Neutral
1 dalton
Determine isotope

17
Q

Electrons?

A

Negative
Weigh almost nothing
Determine chemical behavior

18
Q

Where is potential energy greater in an atom?

A

Farther from the nucleus

19
Q

Radioactive isotopes?

A

Nucleus decays spontaneously

Gives off particles and energy

20
Q

When are atoms unreactive?

A

They have a full valence shell

21
Q

What does chemical behavior of an atom depend on?

A

Number of electrons in the outermost shell

22
Q

Remember?(?)

A

Electrons in a shell have a characteristic energy level

23
Q

Orbitals?

A

Three-dimensional space with specific shapes (electron shells)

24
When do chemical bonds form?
When atoms interact and complete their valence shells
25
When do covalent bonds form?
Pairs of electrons are shared
26
When is an ionic bond formed?
When electrons are transferred
27
When is chemical equilibrium reached?
When forward and reverse reaction rates are equal | Concentration of reactants and products are equal
28
Smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element?
Atom
29
More electronegativity=
Stronger pull
30
Remember!!!
In a chemical reaction, the reactants and products will never dis/appear Atom in reactants are in products