Chapter 3 Flashcards
gene expression
the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis
two stages of gene expression
- transcription
2. translation
Genome
Codes for proteins
Genes
Unit of information
Central Dogma
The process of making RNA from DNA and Proteins from RNA
Transcription
DNA directed RNA synthesis
Translation
Information in one “language” changed into another “language” (RNA directed protein synthesis)
3 major types of RNA cells make
- mRNA-messenger
- tRNA- transfer
- rRNA- ribosom
2 Fundamental Types of Cells
- Prokaryote- single cell- no internal compartments
2. Eukaryote- single celled OR multicellular- internal compartments
5’ TACCGATGC 3’ Complementary Polymer
3’ ATGGCTACG 5’
Characteristics of Prokaryote
- DNA in cytosol
- Smaller Amount
- 4 million base pairs
- Circular
Characteristics of Eukaryote
- DNA in nucleus
- Larger Amount
- 3.2 billion base pairs
- Linear
Chromatin
Combination of DNA and Proteins
DNA Replication
DNA making a second set of instruction
Promoter
Nucleotide sequence of DNA that tells RNA when to start reading synthesis