Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1 For Majors > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Valence Shell

A

Outermost Shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Valence Electrons

A

Electrons in outermost shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chemical Bonds

A

Atoms interact with other atoms to complete valence shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 ways to complete valence shell

A
  1. sharing of electrons

2. exchange of electrons (acceptor/donor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

electronegativity

A

strength of attraction between atomic nucleus and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Universal Solvent

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cohesion

A

Hydrogen bond creates intact surface (Why insects have ability to float on water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adhesion

A

Allows water molecules to cling to each other/other things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Can hydrogen bond with water (polar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Not comfortable with water (nonpolar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acids

A

increases the H concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Base

A

reduces the H concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 important properties of pH scale

A
  1. log scale- every unit change is ten times the difference

2. change in pH inversely related to H concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 classes of biological molecules

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. Nucleic Acids
  3. Lipids
  4. Proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

buffers

A

resist change in pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functional Group

A 
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Phosphate
Methyl
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Isomers

A

Same molecular formula, different structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Building blocks of carbon based molecules

A

Protein- Amino Acids- Polymer
Nucleic Acid- nucleotides- Polymer
Carbohydrates- Sugars/Monosaccharides- Polymer
Lipids- Fatty Acids- NOT POLYMER

19
Q

Polymers

A

Long chain of repeating subunits

20
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

Builds Molecules

21
Q

Simplest form of carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharides

22
Q

Disaccharides

A

2 sugars

23
Q

2 classes of a Polymer

A

Oligasaccharides (5-20)

Polyysaccharides ( > 20)

24
Q

Polysaccharides

A
  1. Glycogin
  2. Starch
  3. Cellulose
25
Q

Glycogin

A

Made by animals

26
Q

Starch

A

Made by plants

27
Q

Cellulose

A

Structural component of plant cell wall

28
Q

Amino Acids

A
  1. 20 in nature
  2. All cells build from same pool of 20
  3. Same structure for all 20; only change in R group or sidechain
29
Q

Peptide Bond

A

Covalently linked Amino Acids

30
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Polymers of nucleotides

31
Q

3 Components of nucleotide

A
  1. 5’ carbon monosaccharides
  2. Nitrogenous Base
  3. Phosphate Functional Group
32
Q

2 Types of Nucleotide

A
  1. DNA: Deoxyribonucleotide

2. RNA: Ribonucleotide

33
Q

Difference between DNA and RNA

A
  1. RNA functions as single polymer, DNA functions as double helix
  2. Thymine and Uracil
  3. 2’ Carbon sugar
34
Q

Why Hydrogen Bond is good for holding together DNA

A
  1. Collectively strong enough

2. Needs to be able to break apart if DNA is going to replicate

35
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  1. Every C has an O attached to it
  2. Always has a Carbonyl Group
  3. -ose ending means Carbohydrate
36
Q

Adose

A

Any monosaccharide with an Aldehyde group (Glucose, Galactose)

37
Q

Ketose

A

Any monosaccharide with a Ketone group (Fructose)

38
Q

Glycosidic Bond

A

Links monosaccharides

39
Q

Lipids

A
  1. No common structural motif
  2. No polymers
  3. Predominantly hyrdrophobic and nonpolar
  4. Number of oxygen small
40
Q

3 groups of lipids:

A
  1. Triglycerides
  2. Phospholipids
  3. Steroids
41
Q

Triglycerides

A
  1. Fat in Diet

2. Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids (Carboxyl Group)

42
Q

Phospholipids

A
  1. Major component of all biological membranes

2. Glycerol + 2 Fatty Acids + Phosphate Group

43
Q

Saturated Fatty Acids

A
  1. No Carbon Double Bonds
  2. How humans store fat
  3. Perfectly linear structure
44
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A
  1. Carbon Double Bonds

2. Messes up the linear shape

Biology 1 For Majors (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions