Chapter 21 Flashcards
0
Q
Populations
A
Interbreeding members of a species that live in the same area at the same time
1
Q
Species
A
Members of population that can successfully breed to produce fertile offspring
2
Q
Pleotrophy
A
Single genotype-multiple phenotypes
3
Q
Source of all genetic variation
A
Mutations
4
Q
Allele Frequency
A
of copies of allele/total # of alleles in a population
5
Q
Evolution
A
- Change in allele or genotype frequency in a population over time
- All living things related through common ancestor and characteristics of living things change over time
6
Q
Hardy Weinberg Principle
A
- Allele frequencies will remain in equilibrium unless outside forces act to change
- must be a sexually reproducing diploid population
7
Q
Hardy Weinberg conditions
A
- no differences in survival
- random mating
- no gene flow
- no natural selection
- large population size
- no mutations
8
Q
p and q
A
p= frequency of dominant allele q= frequency of recessive allele
9
Q
Hardy Weinberg equation
A
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
10
Q
Darwin’s observations
A
- species of animals and plants different in S. America vs. GB
- In Galápagos Islands each island had unique species
- developed idea of mainland origins
11
Q
Artificial Selection
A
Selective breeding
12
Q
4 conditions for natural selection
A
- must be variation
- influence of ability to survive and reproduce
- those who survive have the chance to pass those genes on
- favorable traits will increase in frequency
13
Q
3 clarifications about evolution
A
- Individuals don’t evolve, populations do
- Acquired characteristics can’t be passed down
- Not goal directed and won’t lead to perfection
14
Q
Fitness
A
Ability to pass gene on
15
Q
Adaptation
A
Phenotype shown from gene change
16
Q
2 scales of evolution
A
Microevolution and Macroevolution
