Chapter 3

Question 1

5 Types of Research

Answer 1

1- Applied Research
2- Basic Research
3- Translational Research
4- Laboratory Research
5- Field Research

Question 2

2 Types of Realism

Answer 2

1- Experimental Realism
2- Mundane Realism

Question 3

Applied Research

Answer 3

Has direct and immediate relevance to solving real-life problems.

Question 4

Basic Research

Answer 4

Study a phenomenon for the sake of learning it. The results from this research usually create the foundation of applied research.

Question 5

Translational Research

Answer 5

A combination/merging of applied and basic research.

Question 6

Laboratory Research

Answer 6

Is conducted in a lab. Allows for greater control and is easier to get informed consent and to debrief subjects.

Question 7

Field Research

Answer 7

A study conducted outside of a lab setting. It matches “real-life” settings so the results can be generalizable.

Question 8

Experimental Realism

Answer 8

How involved the subject becomes in the study.

Question 9

Mundane Realism

Answer 9

How closely a study reflects real-life experiences.
-Less important than experimental realism.

Question 10

Operational Definitions

Answer 10

Exact definitions of constructs involved in your study and the precise description of the procedures you used. This allows for replication.

Question 11

Converging Operations

Answer 11

Occurs when the results of several studies, each using a construct with different operational definitions, obtain the same results.

Question 12

Theory

Answer 12

-So general and abstract that it cannot be tested directly.
-A set of logically consistent statements about a behavior that best examines existing observations that provide a tentative explanation of that behavior.
-It is the basis for making a hypothesis.

Question 13

Hypothesis

Answer 13

A specific prediction about the outcome of a study. It is deduced from theory.

Question 14

Deduction

Answer 14

Refers to going from a general theory to a specific hypothesis that is logically derived from theory.

Question 15

Induction

Answer 15

When the results of a given study are used to either refute or support a theory.
-Going from specific to general.

Question 16

Scientific Method

Answer 16

-Choose a method of research, conduct your study, and analyze the data.
-If your data supports the hypothesis, inductive support is provided for the theory.
-We can never prove a theory, we can only say that the results support or confirm the theory.

Question 17

Attributes of a Good Theory

Answer 17

1-Productivity
2-Falsification
3-Parsimony

Question 18

Productivity

Answer 18

The theory advances knowledge by generating a lot of research.

Question 19

Falsification

Answer 19

The theory must be capable of being refuted or shown to be false. You want support for your theory but you do that by falsifying it.

Question 20

Parsimony

Answer 20

The theory has the minimum number of assumptions or constructs in order to explain the behavior adequately.