Chapter 2

Question 1

Nuremberg Code of Ethics

Answer 1

-Established the principle the consent must be informed, competent, and voluntary and that the person giving it must be able to comprehend the situation involved in medical research.

Question 2

What was the name of one of APA’s sections called

Answer 2

Ethical Standards in Research

Question 3

APA ethics code includes:

Answer 3

• A set of 5 general principles
• And 89 standard principles

Question 4

The Five General Principles of APA:

Answer 4

1- Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
2- Fidelity and Responsibility
3- Integrity
4- Justice
5- Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

Question 5

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Answer 5

Psychologists must weigh the benefits and costs of the research and ensure that they’re achieving the greater good while doing little harm to others.

Question 6

Fidelity and Responsibility

Answer 6

Obligates researchers to be aware of their responsibility to society and to always exemplify the highest standards of professional behavior.

Question 7

Integrity

Answer 7

Compels researchers to be honest in all aspects of research.

Question 8

Justice

Answer 8

Obligates researchers to treat everyone involved with fairness and to ensure that their work doesn’t show any bias.

Question 9

Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

Answer 9

A special need for research psychologists to be vigorous in their efforts to maintain confidentiality and protect the participants’ rights.

Question 10

During a research study, the experimenter faces conflicting requirements:

Answer 10

1- Producing meaningful research that could increase our knowledge about behavior.
2- Respecting the rights and welfare of the study’s participants and causing them no harm.

Question 11

Measuring meaningful social behavior usually means

Answer 11

Deception, it therefore places a burden on researchers to show their participants will be protected.

Question 12

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Answer 12

• Evaluate any ethical concerns that may arise during the proposed research study.

Question 13

Deception is sometimes necessary to ensure

Answer 13

the accuracy of the research study.

Question 14

Debriefing

Answer 14

The researcher answers questions that the participants might have and tells them the purpose of the study.

Question 15

Participant Crosstalk

Answer 15

When the participants in a study talk to other potential participants.

Question 16

Debriefing serves two purposes:

Answer 16

-desensitizing
-dehoaxing

Question 17

Dehoaxing

Answer 17

revealing to participants the true purpose of the study and the hypothesis being tested.

Question 18

Desensitizing

Answer 18

The process of reducing stress and other negative feelings that might have been experienced during the study.

Question 19

Vivisection

Answer 19

Refers to the surgical procedures conducted on live animals, usually for scientific purposes.

Question 20

Anthrozoology

Answer 20

Is the study of human-animal interactions.

Question 21

Two Major Types of Misconducts in Science:

Answer 21

1-Plagiarism
2-Falsifying data

Question 22

Data Falsification

Answer 22

Occurs when a scientist fails to collect data and therefore fabricates a data set, or collects some data and manufactures the rest to produce a favorable outcome.