Chapter 3

Question 1

Self-concept

Answer 1

a set of largely stable perceptions about oneself

Question 2

Self-esteem

Answer 2

the part of the self concept that involves evaluations of self-worth

Question 3

Personality

Answer 3

The set of enduring characteristics that define a person’s temperament, thought processes, and social behavior.

Question 4

Reflected Appraisal

Answer 4

The influence of others on one’s self-concept

Question 5

Social Comparison

Answer 5

Evaluating oneself in comparison to others.

Question 6

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Answer 6

A prediction or expectation of an event that makes the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise have been the case.

Question 7

Perception

Answer 7

A process in which people use sensory data to reach conclusions about others and the world around them.

Question 8

Selection

Answer 8

The perceptual act of attending to some stimuli (a trigger for physical/behavior change) in the environment and ignoring others.

Question 9

Organization

Answer 9

The perceptual process of organizing stimuli into patterns.

Question 10

Interpretation

Answer 10

The perceptual process of attaching meaning to stimuli that have previously been selected and organized.

Question 11

Stereotype

Answer 11

A widely held but oversimplified or inaccurate idea tied to social categorization.

Question 13

Sex

Answer 13

A biological category such as male, female, or intersex.

Question 14

Gender

Answer 14

Socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a society considers appropriate.

Question 15

Gender Matrix

Answer 15

A construct that recognizes gender as a multidimensional.

Question 16

Implicit Bias

Answer 16

Unconsciously held associations about a social group.

Question 17

Narratives

Answer 17

The stories people create and use to make sense of their personal worlds.

Question 18

Attribution

Answer 18

attaching meaning to actions and behaviors

Question 19

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 19

The tendency to judge others harshly but to cast oneself in a favorable light

Question 20

Negativity Bias

Answer 20

The perceptual tendency to focus more on negative indicators than on positive ones.

Question 21

Halo Effect

Answer 21

When someone has one positive quality, you might unduly assume other positive qualities

Question 22

Horns Effect

Answer 22

Perceiving others in an unfairly negative light on the basis of a single negative trait or experience

Question 23

Empathy

Answer 23

The ability to imagine another person’s point of view.

Question 24

Sympathy

Answer 24

Compassion for another’s situation.

Question 25

Perception Checking

Answer 25

A three-part method for verifying the accuracy of interpretations, including an objective description of the behavior, two possible interpretations, and a request for more information.

Question 26

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 26

The ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions and to deal effectively with the emotions of others.

Question 27

Identity Management

Answer 27

Strategies used by communicators to influence the way others view them.

Question 28

Perceived Self

Answer 28

The person we believe ourselves to be in moments of candor. It may be identical to or different from the presenting and ideal selves.

Question 29

Presenting Self

Answer 29

The image a person presents to others. It may be identical to or different from the perceived and ideal selves.

Question 30

Face

Answer 30

The socially approved identity that a communicator tries to present.

Question 31

Facework

Answer 31

Verbal and nonverbal behavior designed to create and maintain a communicator’s face and the face of others.

Question 32

Frame Switching

Answer 32

Verbal and nonverbal behavior designed to create and maintain a communicator’s face and the face of others.

Question 33

Script

Answer 33

Habitual, reflective way of behaving.

Question 34

High Self-Monitors

Answer 34

People who pay close attention to their own behavior and to others’ reactions, adjusting their communication to create the desired impression.

Question 35

Low Self-Monitors

Answer 35

People who express what they are thinking and feeling without much attention to the impression their behavior creates.

Question 36

UPward Social Comparison

Answer 36

Comparing yourself to those who did better than you.

Question 37

DOWNward Social Comparison

Answer 37

Comparing yourself to those who did worse than you.

Question 38

fundamental attribution error

Answer 38

another term for “self-serving bias”