chapter 3 Flashcards
define
self schema
people beliefs & feelings about themeselves in general and in specific situations
define:
looking glass self
other peoples reactions to us serve as a mirror
define
reflected self apprasials
a belief about what others think of ones self
define:
situationism
social self shifts from one situation to another
define:
working self concept
a subset of self-knowledge that is brought to mind a particular context
define:
downward social comparison
compare ourselves to those who are “inferior” as a way to boost our self-esteem
define:
upward social comparison
compare yourself to others that are better than you to make you work harder
define:
social comparison theory
the idea that people compare themselves to others to obtain accurate assessments of their own opinions, abilities and internal states
define
social identities
the parts of a persons sense of self that is derived from group membership
define
self stereotyping
phenomenon whereby people come to define themsleves in terms of traits, norms and values that associate w a social group when their identity as a member of the group is salient
define:
self-esteem
the overall positive or negative evaluation people have of themselves
define
trait self-esteem
a persons enduring level of self regard across time
typically stable
define:
state self-esteem
dynamic, changeable self evaluations of a persons experiences as momentary feelings about the self
define:
contingencies of self-worth
people’s self esteem rises and falls with success and failures in the domains that are most important to self worth
define
sociometer hypothesis
self esteem is an internal, subjective index of how well we are reguarded by other people
define:
self-enhancement
desire to maintain, increase,or protect positive views of the self
define
self affirmation theory
idea that people can maintain an overall idea of self worth after being exposed to psychologically threatening information by affirming a valued aspect of themselves unrelated to the threat
define:
self verification theory
the theory that people strive for others to view them as they view themselves; such verification of ones vies of the self helps people maintian a sense of coherence and predictiblity
define
self regulation
refers to the process of which people initiate, alter and control their behavior in pursuit of a goal
define
self-discrepency theory
people hold beleifs about not only what they are actually like, what they would ideally like to be and what they ought to be
define:
actual self
self you believe you are
define:
Ideal self
represents your hopes and wishes
define:
ought self
your duties and obligations
answer
what emotions does a discrepency between the actual self and ideal self cause
dejection emotions
answer
what emotions does a discrepency between the actual self and the ought self cause
agitiated
define
promotion focus
self regulating behavior with respect to ideal self standards; a focus on attaining positive outcomes through approach related behaviors
define:
prevention focus
self regulation behavior w respect to ought-self standards; a focus on avoiding neg. outcomes through avoidance related behavior
define
implementation intention
if-then plan to engage in goal directed behavior (than) whenever a particualr (if) is encountered
define
self-presentation
presenting the person we would like others to believe we are
define:
face
public image of ourself that we want others to believe
define:
self monitoring
tendency to monitor ones behavior to fit current situation
define:
self-handicapping
the tendency to engage in self defeating behavior in order to have an excuse ready should one perform poorly/fail
