chapter 3

Question 1

define

self schema

Answer 1

people beliefs & feelings about themeselves in general and in specific situations

Question 2

define:

looking glass self

Answer 2

other peoples reactions to us serve as a mirror

Question 3

define

reflected self apprasials

Answer 3

a belief about what others think of ones self

Question 4

define:

situationism

Answer 4

social self shifts from one situation to another

Question 5

define:

working self concept

Answer 5

a subset of self-knowledge that is brought to mind a particular context

Question 6

define:

downward social comparison

Answer 6

compare ourselves to those who are “inferior” as a way to boost our self-esteem

Question 7

define:

upward social comparison

Answer 7

compare yourself to others that are better than you to make you work harder

Question 8

define:

social comparison theory

Answer 8

the idea that people compare themselves to others to obtain accurate assessments of their own opinions, abilities and internal states

Question 9

define

social identities

Answer 9

the parts of a persons sense of self that is derived from group membership

Question 10

define

self stereotyping

Answer 10

phenomenon whereby people come to define themsleves in terms of traits, norms and values that associate w a social group when their identity as a member of the group is salient

Question 11

define:

self-esteem

Answer 11

the overall positive or negative evaluation people have of themselves

Question 12

define

trait self-esteem

Answer 12

a persons enduring level of self regard across time

typically stable

Question 13

define:

state self-esteem

Answer 13

dynamic, changeable self evaluations of a persons experiences as momentary feelings about the self

Question 14

define:

contingencies of self-worth

Answer 14

people’s self esteem rises and falls with success and failures in the domains that are most important to self worth

Question 15

define

sociometer hypothesis

Answer 15

self esteem is an internal, subjective index of how well we are reguarded by other people

Question 16

define:

self-enhancement

Answer 16

desire to maintain, increase,or protect positive views of the self

Question 17

define

self affirmation theory

Answer 17

idea that people can maintain an overall idea of self worth after being exposed to psychologically threatening information by affirming a valued aspect of themselves unrelated to the threat

Question 18

define:

self verification theory

Answer 18

the theory that people strive for others to view them as they view themselves; such verification of ones vies of the self helps people maintian a sense of coherence and predictiblity

Question 19

define

self regulation

Answer 19

refers to the process of which people initiate, alter and control their behavior in pursuit of a goal

Question 20

define

self-discrepency theory

Answer 20

people hold beleifs about not only what they are actually like, what they would ideally like to be and what they ought to be

Question 21

define:

actual self

Answer 21

self you believe you are

Question 22

define:

Ideal self

Answer 22

represents your hopes and wishes

Question 23

define:

ought self

Answer 23

your duties and obligations

Question 24

answer

what emotions does a discrepency between the actual self and ideal self cause

Answer 24

dejection emotions

Question 25

answer

what emotions does a discrepency between the actual self and the ought self cause

Answer 25

agitiated

Question 26

define

promotion focus

Answer 26

self regulating behavior with respect to ideal self standards; a focus on attaining positive outcomes through approach related behaviors

Question 27

define:

prevention focus

Answer 27

self regulation behavior w respect to ought-self standards; a focus on avoiding neg. outcomes through avoidance related behavior

Question 28

define

implementation intention

Answer 28

if-then plan to engage in goal directed behavior (than) whenever a particualr (if) is encountered

Question 29

define

self-presentation

Answer 29

presenting the person we would like others to believe we are

Question 30

define:

face

Answer 30

public image of ourself that we want others to believe

Question 31

define:

self monitoring

Answer 31

tendency to monitor ones behavior to fit current situation

Question 32

define:

self-handicapping

Answer 32

the tendency to engage in self defeating behavior in order to have an excuse ready should one perform poorly/fail