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Social psychology > chapter 13: Aggression > Flashcards

chapter 13: Aggression Flashcards

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1
Q

list

types of aggression

A
  • hostile aggression
  • instrumental aggression
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2
Q

define

hostile aggression

A

bx intended to harm another, either physically or psychologically and motivated by feelings of anger and hostility

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3
Q

define

instrumental aggression

A

behavior intended to harm another in the service of motive other than pure hostility

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4
Q

list

causes of aggression

A
  • individual factors
  • situational factors
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5
Q

list

individual factors of aggression

A
  • genetics
  • personality
  • brain abnormalities
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6
Q

list

situational factors of aggression

A
  • heat
  • media violence
  • video games
  • social rejection
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7
Q

define

relational value

A

the degree to which others consider the relationship with us to be valuable, important, or close

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8
Q

answer

when the relational value is lower than we expect how do we feel?

A

hurt

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9
Q

define

dehumanization

A

the attribution of nonhuman characteristics and denial of human qualities to groups other than ones own

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10
Q

define

culture of honor

A

a culture defined by its members stron concerns about their own and others reputations; leading to sensitivity to insults and a willingness to use violence to avenge any percieved wrong

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11
Q

answer

in the us is the north or south a culture of honor

A

South

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12
Q

answer

explain ways southern men show they are in a culture of honor

A
  • show more anger expressions
  • elevated testosterone
  • firmer grip
  • greater hostility after an insult
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13
Q

answer

how do economic practices lead to cultures of honor

A

herding: wealth can be easily stolen need to be percieved as tough
agriculture: wealth cannot be as easily stolen

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14
Q

define

rape prone culture

A

culture in which rape tends to be used as an act of war against enemy women, as a ritual act, or as a threat against women to keep them subservient to men

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15
Q

fill in blank

rape prone cultures have — levels of violence, history of — warfare and an — on toughness

A
  • high
  • frequent
  • overemphasis
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16
Q

fill in blank

rape prone cultures are more likely to — womens right and social status

A

limit

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17
Q

explain

Banduras Bobo doll experiement

A
  • 2 groups of kids
  • 1 watches an aggressive model and then is released to play in room full of toys
  • 1 watching a neutral model and then is released into a room full of toys
  • children with the aggressive model beat up bobo those who didnt have the aggressive model played with the other toys
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18
Q

define:

ostracism

A

being ignored by others around you

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19
Q

list

consequences of ostracism

A
  • painful
  • stressful
  • ostracised partner may end relationship
  • antagonistic reactions
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20
Q

define

seville statement

A

it is scientifically inaacurate to say that people cannot control their aggression

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21
Q

answer

at what age do boys start being more physically aggressive than girl?

A

2

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22
Q

answer

why are men more aggressive than women?

A

males evolve characteristics and strategies for outcompeting other males

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23
Q

define

precarious manhood hypothesis

A

a man’s gender identity of strength and toughness may be lost under certain conditons and that such a loss can trigger aggressive behavior

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24
Q

true or false

women show more relational/emotional aggression

A

true

25
Q

list

forms of relational/emotional aggression

A
  • gossip
  • alliances
  • exclusion
  • social rejection
26
Q

answer

why are women more likely to engage in emotional/relational aggression

A

females are less physically strong and have to care for others so they cant be getting their asses beat all the time

27
Q

answer

in canada what are the “odds” you will be killed by a stepparent vs your biological parent

A

70x

28
Q

answer

in the us of much more likely are you to be killed by a stepparent than a biological parent?

A

100x

29
Q

define

exchange relationships

A

indiviuals feel little responsibility toward one another; giving and recieving are governed by concerns of equity and reciprocity

30
Q

define

communal relationships

A

individuals feel a special responsiblity for one another and give and recieve according to principles of needs

31
Q

list

determinants that make partners more committed

A
  • relationship satisfaction (outcome-cl)
  • few alternative partners (CLalts)
  • investments in the relationship
32
Q

define

construal processes

A

how people percieve the context/other people

33
Q

define

self-construals

A

perception of one’s own role in a situation

34
Q

define

general aggression model

A

a broad approach to understanding the causes of aggression through a focus on situational factors, construal factors, and biological and cultural contributions

35
Q

answer

who proved a causal relationship between heat and increased violent crimes

A

Craig Anderson

36
Q

fill in the blank

85% of american teens play video games for — hours a week

A

13

37
Q

answer

on average how many hours do boys play video games a week

A

16

38
Q

answer

on average how many hours a week do girls play video games

A

9

39
Q

fill in blank

–(percent) of children play 24 hours of video games a week

A

8%

40
Q

list

5 ways playing video games can lead to aggression

A
  1. increase in aggressive bx
  2. reduces prosocial bx
  3. increases aggressive thoughts
  4. increase aggresive emotions
    5.increase heart rate and blood pressure
41
Q

true of false

people who feel rejected report higher chronic pain

A

true

42
Q

answer

when playing cyberball and being ostracised the part of the brain that is activated is the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, what is that part of the brain responsible for?

A

processing physical pain

reliving a break up does the same

43
Q

true or false

a citizen is more likely to be a victim of a crime if the income inequality is high

A

true

44
Q

answer

inequality undermines feelings of what?

A

trust and goodwill

45
Q

answer

what do evolutionary psycholgists think that income inequality does for men

A

it forces them to be in competition with others for economic gain and access to mates

46
Q

define

biophilia

A

humans love of life and living systems

47
Q

true of false

nature calms down people better than other recreational activities

A

true

48
Q

answer

in geographical regions where people have greater access to nice outdoor spaces people report a higher what?

A

higher levels of happiness and goodwill toward others

49
Q

answer

what does leonard berkowitz think about fight-or flight?

A

any unpleasant stimulus can trigger the fight- or flight response

50
Q

true or false

once angry people are more likely to percieve others as having combative intentions, imagine ways of inflicting harm etc.

A

true

51
Q

answer

firearms are invloved in what percent of homicides

A

75%

52
Q

answer

firearms are used in what percentage of suicides

A

50%

53
Q

answer

according to berkowitz the presense of guns only leads to aggression when what else is present?

A

feeling of anger

54
Q

explain

berkowitz experiment

A

2 people 1 participant 1 confederate
* delivered shocks to eachother
* 3 conditions (no object, neutral object and a gun)
* found that the presence of the gun didn’t trigger aggression, only made participants more aggressive when there is anger present

55
Q

define

dehumanization

A

the attribution of nonhuman characteristics and denial of human qualities to a group

56
Q

answer

why do people dehumanize others?

A

easier to hurt something we don’t see as human

57
Q

explain

cohen’s study of aggression and culture

A
  • confederate bumps into a participant calling him an asshole
  • southerners showed more angry facial expressions and higher levels of testosterone and cortisone (cortisol?)
  • southerners shook other participants harder and refused to move out of the way
58
Q

answer

rape is prevelant in cultures where women are in what level of society

high or low

A

low

59
Q

define

inclusive fitness

A

according to evolutionary theory, an individuals reproductive success, which ensures the transmission of an individuals genes to future generations

Social psychology (9 decks)

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