chapter 2 Flashcards
define:
hindsight bias
tendency after learning about a given outcome to be over confident about whether they could have predicted the outcome
define
participant observation
involves observing some phenomenon at close range
define:
Archival research
look at evidence in archives
define
correlational research
researcher measures 2 or more variables to see if they are related
does not mean causation
define
experimental research
researcher manipulates one variable and measures the other to find out why
define
3rd variable problem
is there a 3rd variable causing the correlation
define
within subjects design
comparison is before and after a manipulation
define:
control procedures
steps the researcher takes to make the comparison as fair as possible
define:
confounding variables
factors other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment
answer
what does the r value tell you?
strength and direction of correlation
define:
external validity
how well the results of a study generalize to contexts outside of the lab
define:
field experiment
experiment conducted in the real world usually with participants who are unware they are in a study
define:
internal validity
in experimental research confidence that only the manipulated variable could have produced the results
define
reliability
the degree to which the particular way researchers measure a given variable is likely to yield consistent results
define
validity
the correlation between a measure and some outcome the measure is supposed to predict
