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Physiological Psychology > CHAPTER 3 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3 Flashcards

INTRO

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1
Q

It is also known as behavioral neuroscience.

A

Physiological Psychology

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2
Q

It is the study of the human neurological functions as they relate to behavior and perception.

A

Physiological Psychology

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3
Q

It seeks to describe the physical mechanisms of the body that mediate our movements and our mental activity.

A

Physiological Psychology

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4
Q

It refers to self-awareness and the ability to communicate our thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and memories.

A

Consciousness

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5
Q

These are special states of consciousness

A

sleep and dreaming

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6
Q

What substances can alter consciousness?

A

Drugs and Alcohol

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7
Q

Blind patients are unable to see, but are able to reach for objects placed in their blind visual field

A

Blindsight

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8
Q

Implies that we need not be conscious of a stimulus in order to act on that stimulus

A

Blindsight

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9
Q

He viewed the world as mechanistic and viewed human behavior in terms of reflexive mechanisms elicited by stimuli in the environment

A

Rene Descartes

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10
Q

He proposed that the mind interacted with the physical body through the pineal body.

A

Rene Descartes

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11
Q

He viewed hydraulic pressure within nerves as the basis for movement

A

Rene Descartes

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12
Q

He soon showed that stimulation of isolated frog nerves will evoke muscle contraction

A

Galvani

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13
Q

He noted that nerves carry messages via different channel (Doctrine of Special Nerve Energy)

A

Muller

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14
Q

What does DoSNE by Muller mean?

A

Doctrine of Special Nerve Energy

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15
Q

He used ablation (removal of discrete brain areas) in animals to assess the role of brain in the control of behavior

A

Flourens

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16
Q

What does ablation mean?

A

removal of discrete brain areas

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17
Q

They applied electrical stimuli to cortex in dogs to elicit muscle contraction on opposite body side (notion of contralateral)

A

Fritsch and Hitzig

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18
Q

He reported discrete brain areas that controlled heart rate and breathing, purposeful movements, and visual and auditory reflexes.

A

Flourens

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19
Q

They Identified primary motor cortex, a region of cortex that activates discrete muscles on the opposite side of the body

A

Fritsch and Hitzig

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20
Q

Other brain regions control movements via connections with primary motor cortex

A

Fritsch and Hitzig

21
Q

It is the belief that the characteristics of an organism serve some useful function

A

Functionalism

22
Q

This suggests that characteristics that allow an organism to reproduce more successfully are passed on to offspring

A

Natural selection

23
Q

Its consequence is that these characteristics will become more prevalent in a species

A

Natural selection

24
Q

It is the gradual change in structure and physiology as a result of natural selection.

A

Evolution

25
Q

These are humanlike apes that first appeared in Africa

A

Hominids

26
Q

Where are humanlike apes? Hominids first appeared.

A

Africa

27
Q

What are four surviving species of hominids?

A

Humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans

28
Q

Humans and chimpanzees share how many percent of DNA

A

98.8% DNA

29
Q

Color vision, upright posture/bipedalism, and language abilities required a?

A

Larger brain

30
Q

Human brains are large relative to?

A

Body weight

31
Q

They study animals to learn of the relation between physiology and behavior

A

Physiological Psychologist

32
Q

They study the physiology of behavioral phenomena in animals

A

Physiological Psychologist

33
Q

who diagnose and treat nervous system diseases.

A

Neurologist and physician

34
Q

What does MRI stand for?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

35
Q

Also known as N(nuclear)MRI and Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT)

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

36
Q

Using similar technology as MRI, this technology works by detecting blood flow volume in the brain. It can also be used to discover what different psychoactive drugs do in the brain.

A

fMRI (Functional MRI)

37
Q

Often shortened to CT scan, though other forms of computed tomography exist, such as PET scans.

A

X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT)

38
Q

Used to be called CAT scan

A

X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT)

39
Q

It means any techniques of imaging cross section (slices) of the body

A

Tomography

40
Q

A radioactive substance (called a tracer) is placed into the body, and it emits gamma rays, which are detected by a sensor.

A

Positron Emission Tomography

41
Q

The tracer is usually an analog to glucose and so when metabolism increases in an area of the body due to activity, this shows up in the scan and offers an image of what parts are used for different functions. So it works similarly and offers similar information to fMRI

A

Positron Emission Tomography

42
Q

Again uses a radioactive substance to map out the functioning of brain areas during different tasks, but the higher concentrations are according to blood flow (like fMRI) and not metabolism (like X-ray CT scan)

A

Single Photon Emission Tomography
(SPECT)

43
Q

What does SPECT stand for?

A

Single Photon Emission Tomography
(SPECT)

44
Q

Measures electrical signals (brain waves)
corresponding to brain activity

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

45
Q

What does EGG stand for?

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

46
Q

Other tools of investigation

A

Abnormal/normal comparisons
Damage/normal comparisons
Electro-stimulation
Introduction of drugs directly into brain tissue
Introduction of drugs orally/injection
Blood tests
Brain samples
Unconscious behavior observations
Animal research
And more

47
Q

Values to the Approach

A

Helpful in identifying specific organic disruptions in mental illness and disturbances
Helps remove stigma from mental illnesses.
Offers important information about possible cures for mental/neurological issues.
Offers very concrete, quantitative data
Does not usually require deception or involve elaborate behavior/roles/scripts in
experimentation

48
Q
A

Physiological Psychology (7 decks)

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