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Physiological Psychology > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

Introduction To Physiological Psychology

1
Q

studies the biological basis of how we think, linking the physical operation of the brain with our speech and actions. It focuses on brain cells, brain structures, brain chemistry, and their effects on behavior.

A

Physiological Psychology

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2
Q

may be defined as the process of responding to some form of energy in the environment by an activity generally useful to life.

A

Behavior

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3
Q

is a form of energy, anything that affects the organism.

A

Stimulus/Stimuli (Everything around us affects us)

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4
Q

have essentially the function of a switchboard.

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

is made up of the Brain, the Spinal Cord and the Neurons

A

Central nervous System (CNS)

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6
Q

electrical information transmitted in the CNS.

A

Nerve impulse (Message)

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7
Q

What are the two branches of nervous system?

A

Central Nervous system and Peripheral Nervous System

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8
Q

What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

A

Spinal Cord, Brain stem, and Brain

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9
Q

It is The body’s master control unit

A

Central Nervous System

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10
Q

It is the bodies link to the outside world

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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11
Q

What are the two branches of peripheral nervous system?

A

The Autonomic NS and The Somatic NS

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12
Q

It regulates involuntary bodily processes, such as heart rate, respiration, digestion, and pupil contraction.

A

Autonomic NS

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13
Q

It carries sensory information from sensory organs to the sensory organs in the CNS and relays motor movements and commands to muscles. Controls voluntary movements.

A

Somatic NS

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14
Q

It Analyse, identifies, interprets, and sends a command for appropriate response

A

Brain

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15
Q

Pathway of the nerve impulse.

A

Spinal Cord

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16
Q

Fastest reaction. split of a second, 0.3 sec.

A

Reflex

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17
Q

The brain can attend to only one stimulation at a time. The brain can only focus on one stimulus at a time.

A

reticular system

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18
Q

Three kinds of receptors in receiving mechanism

A

Exteroceptors, Propioceptors, interoceptors

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19
Q

This mechanism is made up of the senses, which gets information from the outside environment.

A

Receiving Mechanisms

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20
Q

This mechanism is made of the Neurons, the Brain and the Spinal Cord.

A

Connecting Mechanisms

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21
Q

This mechanism is made up of the Muscles and the Glands for the appropriate response.

A

Reacting mechanisms

22
Q

3 kinds of muscles

A

Voluntary, Involuntary, Cardiac muscles

23
Q

this muscles that can be moved at the person’s will. Also known as striped muscles, skeletal muscles.

A

Voluntary

24
Q

muscles that cannot be moved at will. It has its own movement which are rhythmical. Also known as visceral muscle, smooth muscle.

A

Involuntary

25
Q

muscles that are found in the heart.

A

Cardiac

26
Q

Special secreting organs which pour the secretion either directly into the blood streams or pass it through the ducts or canals.

A

Glands

27
Q

These are chemicals that circulate throughout the blood and affect the functioning and the growth of the parts of the body.(e.g. reproduction, metabolism)

A

Hormones

28
Q

Chemical agent of the body.

A

Hormones

29
Q

energy for the body.

A

Metabolism-

30
Q

 The Basic Unit of the Nervous System
 Estimated 10-12 billion or higher!

A

Neurons

31
Q

Type of Neuron that carry message from the receptors to the spinal cord and brain.

A

Sensory Neuron

32
Q

Type of Neuron that carry messages from the brain and spinal cord and send them to the motor organs like the muscles and glands.

A

Motor Neuron

33
Q

Type of Neuron that provide connection between the sensory and motor neurons. These are found in the brain and spinal cord.

A

Connector Neurons

34
Q

Type of Neuron that is found in the sense organs (eyes, nose, ears, receiving mech)

A

Sensory Neuron

35
Q

Type of Neuron that is found in CNS

A

Connector Neurons

36
Q

found in muscles (connecting mechanisms)

A

Motor neurons

37
Q

(receiver) All of the fibrous extensions of the cell body except the axon. They give the Neuron its characteristic shape.

A

Dendrites

38
Q

The part of the neuron containing the nucleus, cell membrane and contributing organelles endoplasmic reticular, Golgi

A

Cell Body

39
Q

Transmit to another neuron): Conducts information from the neuron cell body to the synaptic terminals to trigger synaptic transmission. Axons also transport chemical substances from the cell body to the synaptic

A

Axon

40
Q

A fatty sheath of insulation that covers larger axons. Not all neurons have this.

A

Myelin

41
Q

Points of functional contact between axon terminals and other cells.

A

Synapse

42
Q

released by terminal buttons of neurons and detected by receptors in the membrane of another cell a short distance away. The one that crosses the gap that contains the nerve impulse.

A

1Neurotransmitters

43
Q

released in large amounts from the terminal buttons, but diffused throughout part of the brain, affecting many neurons

A

Neuromodulators

44
Q

produced by endocrine glands, released into extracellular fluid - stimulate cell receptors on membrane surface or deep within nuclei of cells, including neurons

A

Hormones

45
Q

chemicals released into the environment through sweat, urine, or secretions of special glands. Most receptors in nose of other animals but may also be detected in skin or other organs.

A

Pheromones

46
Q

the gap through which a neurotransmitter passes, from one neuron to another.

A

Synaptic Junction

47
Q

These types of neurotransmitters have excitatory effects on the neuron, meaning they increase the likelihood that the neuron will fire an action potential. Some of the major excitatory neurotransmitters include epinephrine and norepinephrine.

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

48
Q

These types of neurotransmitters have inhibitory effects on the neuron; they decrease the likelihood that the neuron will fire an action potential. Some of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters include serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

49
Q

What are the two neurotransmitters can create both excitatory and inhibitory effects depending upon the type of receptors that are present.

A

Acetylcholine and Dopamine

50
Q

These neurotransmitters, often referred to as neuromodulators, are capable of affecting a larger number of neurons at the same time. These neuromodulators also influence the effects of other chemical messengers. Where synaptic neurotransmitters are released by axon terminals to have a fast-acting impact on other receptor neurons, neuromodulators diffuse across a larger area and are more slow-acting.

A

Modulatory neurotransmitters

51
Q
A
52
Q

Which area of the brain is for studying and memory?

A

Cerebral Hemisphere

Physiological Psychology (8 decks)

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