Chapter 3 Flashcards
contain a ‘’true’’ nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not
Eukaryotic cells
A true nuclues consist of
nucleoplasm, chromosomes and a nuclear membrane
It is the “command center” of the cell.
Eukaryotic Nucleus
A semifluid, gelatinous, nutrient matrix – Contains storage granules and a variety of organelles, where most metabollic reaction occurs
Cytoplasm
A highly convoluted system of membranes arranged to form a transport network in the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Consist of ribosomal RNA and protein
The sites of protein synthesis in the cell
Ribosomes
Connects or communicates with ER – Completes the bytransformation of newly synthesized proteins and packages them for storage or export (“packaging plants”)
Golgi complex
contain lysozyme and other digestive enzymes
Lysosomes (originate in the golgi complex)
are membrane-bound vesicles where H2O2 is generated and broken down
Peroxisomes
Membrane-bound structures containing photosynthetic pigments
They are sites of photosynthesis – Chloroplasts are a type of plastid; they contain double the pigment chlorophyl
Plastids
A system of fibers throughout the cytoplasm – Three types of fibers: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
Microtubules and microfilaments are essential for a variety of activities
Cytoskeleton
Main constituent of most bacterial cell walls is
peptidoglycan
They are hairlike structures, most often observed on Gram-negative bacteria.
Pili (fimdriae)
The time it takes for binary fission to occur is called the
- varies from one species to another and depends on growth condition
Generation time
is the science of classification of living organisms.
Taxonomy
Taxonomy consist of
classification
nomenclature
The Five-Kingdom System of Classification
Bacteria and archaeaKingdom Prokaryotae
Algae and protozoa - Kingdom Protista
Fungi - Kingdom Fungi
Plants - Kingdom Plantae
Animals - Kingdom Animalia
The three domain system of classification
archae (prokaryotic)
bacteria (prokaryotic)
eucarya (all eukaryotic organisms)
Three types of fibers
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
