C14 Flashcards

1
Q

The prefix “path” refers to

A

Disease

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2
Q

Pathogenicity means the ability to cause

A

Disease

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3
Q

refers to the steps or mechanisms
involved in the development of a disease.

A

Pathogenesis

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4
Q

Once an infectious process is initiated, the disease may remain localized or it may spread; examples are pimples, boils, and abscesses.

A

Localized infections

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5
Q

is a disease caused by a microbe, and the microbes that cause infectious diseases are collectively referred to as pathogens.

A

Infectious disease

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6
Q

When the infection spreads throughout the body, an example is miliary tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A

Systemic infections

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6
Q

has a slow onset and lasts a long time; examples are tuberculosis, leprosy, and syphilis.

A

Chronic disease

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7
Q

is one that has a rapid onset, and is
usually followed by a relatively rapid recovery; examples are measles, mumps, and influenza.

A

Acute disease

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8
Q

is one that comes on more suddenly
than a chronic disease, but less suddenly than an acute disease; an example would be bacterial endocarditis.

A

Subacute disease

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9
Q

are infectious diseases that go from being
symptomatic to asymptomatic, and then,
later, go back to being symptomatic.

A

Latent infections

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10
Q

is sometimes used as a synonym for
pathogenic.

A

Virulent

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11
Q

Virulent example

A

Adhesin, Pili

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12
Q

Pathogens that must live within host cells in order to survive and multiply are referred to as

A

obligate intracellular pathogens (e.g., Rickettsia and Chlamydia
spp.).

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13
Q

Cause malaria

A

Plasmodium spp

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14
Q

Cause babesiosis

A

Babesia spp.

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15
Q

are capable of both an
intracellular and extracellular existence.

A

Facultative intracellular pathogens

16
Q

are considered to be virulence
factors.

A

Capsules and flagella

17
Q

The major mechanisms by which pathogens cause disease are the exoenzymes or toxins that they produce.

A

Necrotizing enzymes
Coagulase
Kinases
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
Hemolysins
Lecithinase

18
Q

are poisonous substances released by various pathogens.

19
Q

Part of the cell wall structure of Gram-negative bacteria

  • Can cause serious, adverse physiologic effects such as fever and shock
A

Endotoxins

20
Q

Poisonous proteins secreted by a variety of pathogens

  • Examples: neurotoxins, enterotoxins, exfoliative toxin, erythrogenic toxin, and leukocidins
21
Q

Some pathogens evade the immune system by changing their surface antigensantigenic variation; examples, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Borrelia recurrentis.

A

Antigenic Variation

22
Q

Some organisms conceal their foreign nature by coating themselves with host proteinslike camouflage (e.g., adult
schistosomes).

A

Camouflage and molecular mimicry

23
Q

Some pathogens produce IgA protease, an enzyme that destroys some of the host’s antibodies (e.g., H. influenzae).

A

Destruction of antibodies