C14

Question 1

The prefix “path” refers to

Answer 1

Disease

Question 2

Pathogenicity means the ability to cause

Answer 2

Disease

Question 3

refers to the steps or mechanisms
involved in the development of a disease.

Answer 3

Pathogenesis

Question 4

Once an infectious process is initiated, the disease may remain localized or it may spread; examples are pimples, boils, and abscesses.

Answer 4

Localized infections

Question 5

is a disease caused by a microbe, and the microbes that cause infectious diseases are collectively referred to as pathogens.

Answer 5

Infectious disease

Question 6

When the infection spreads throughout the body, an example is miliary tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Answer 6

Systemic infections

Question 6

has a slow onset and lasts a long time; examples are tuberculosis, leprosy, and syphilis.

Answer 6

Chronic disease

Question 7

is one that has a rapid onset, and is
usually followed by a relatively rapid recovery; examples are measles, mumps, and influenza.

Answer 7

Acute disease

Question 8

is one that comes on more suddenly
than a chronic disease, but less suddenly than an acute disease; an example would be bacterial endocarditis.

Answer 8

Subacute disease

Question 9

are infectious diseases that go from being
symptomatic to asymptomatic, and then,
later, go back to being symptomatic.

Answer 9

Latent infections

Question 10

is sometimes used as a synonym for
pathogenic.

Answer 10

Virulent

Question 11

Virulent example

Answer 11

Adhesin, Pili

Question 12

Pathogens that must live within host cells in order to survive and multiply are referred to as

Answer 12

obligate intracellular pathogens (e.g., Rickettsia and Chlamydia
spp.).

Question 13

Cause malaria

Answer 13

Plasmodium spp

Question 14

Cause babesiosis

Answer 14

Babesia spp.

Question 15

are capable of both an
intracellular and extracellular existence.

Answer 15

Facultative intracellular pathogens

Question 16

are considered to be virulence
factors.

Answer 16

Capsules and flagella

Question 17

The major mechanisms by which pathogens cause disease are the exoenzymes or toxins that they produce.

Answer 17

Necrotizing enzymes
Coagulase
Kinases
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
Hemolysins
Lecithinase

Question 18

are poisonous substances released by various pathogens.

Answer 18

Toxins

Question 19

Part of the cell wall structure of Gram-negative bacteria

• Can cause serious, adverse physiologic effects such as fever and shock

Answer 19

Endotoxins

Question 20

Poisonous proteins secreted by a variety of pathogens

• Examples: neurotoxins, enterotoxins, exfoliative toxin, erythrogenic toxin, and leukocidins

Answer 20

Exotoxins

Question 21

Some pathogens evade the immune system by changing their surface antigensantigenic variation; examples, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Borrelia recurrentis.

Answer 21

Antigenic Variation

Question 22

Some organisms conceal their foreign nature by coating themselves with host proteinslike camouflage (e.g., adult
schistosomes).

Answer 22

Camouflage and molecular mimicry

Question 23

Some pathogens produce IgA protease, an enzyme that destroys some of the host’s antibodies (e.g., H. influenzae).

Answer 23

Destruction of antibodies