C10

Question 1

is the systematic study of the interrelationships that exist between organisms and their environment.

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

is the study of the numerous
interrelationships between microbes and the world
around them.

Answer 2

Microbial ecology

Question 3

Microorganisms are present both on and in our bodies; collectively, they are referred to as our

Answer 3

indigenous microbiota
(older term = normal flora)

Question 4

Defined as two dissimilar organisms living together in
a close association

Answer 4

Symbiosis

Question 5

Refers to a symbiotic relationship in which neither symbiont is affected by the relationship.

Answer 5

Neutralism

Question 6

A symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to one symbiont and of no consequence to the other

Answer 6

Commensalism

Question 7

Many organisms in the indigenous microbiota of humans are considered to be

Answer 7

commensals.

Question 8

A symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to both symbionts; examples include lichens (composed of an alga and a fungus) and the relationship humans
have with the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli)

Answer 8

Mutualism

Question 9

A symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to one symbiont (the parasite) and detrimental to the other symbiont (the host).

Answer 9

Parasitism

Question 10

Careless dental hygiene may cause

Answer 10

• Dental caries (tooth decay)
• Gingivitis (gum disease)
• Periodontitis

Question 11

contains the largest number and variety of microbes of any colonized area of the body: an estimated 500 to 600 different
species—primarily bacteria.

Answer 11

colon (large intestine)

Question 12

Most frequent causes of urethral infections

Answer 12

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and
mycoplasmas.

Question 13

This means “microbes versus microbes”

Answer 13

Microbial antagonism

Question 13

Microbes are often organized into, —complex communities of assorted organisms

Answer 13

biofilms

Question 13

When two or more organisms “team up” to produce a
disease that neither could cause by itself; it is referred to
as

Answer 13

synergism

Question 14

Bacteria found within other microorganisms are
known as

Answer 14

endosymbionts

Question 15

• Defined as “any technological application that uses
  biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives
  thereof, to make or modify products or processes for
  specific use.”

Answer 15

Biotechnology

Question 15

refers to the use of microbes to clean up various types of wastes, including industrial and toxic
wastes, and environmental pollutants (e.g., herbicides
and pesticides).

Answer 15

Bioremediation

Question 16

have been used to remove highly
toxic solvents such as trichloroethylene and
tetrachloroethylene from the soil.

Answer 16

Methanotrophs