C9

Question 1

is the use of any chemical (drug) to treat any disease or condition.

Answer 1

Chemotherapy

Question 2

is any drug used to treat any
condition or disease.

Answer 2

chemotherapeutic agent

Question 3

is any chemical (drug) used to
treat an infectious disease, either by inhibiting or by killing pathogens in vivo. Some antimicrobial agents are antibiotics.

Answer 3

antimicrobial agent

Question 4

is a substance produced by a microorganism
that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms.

Answer 4

antibiotic

Question 5

Discovery of Penicillin

Answer 5

Alexander Fleming

Question 6

drugs inhibit growth of bacteria

Answer 6

Bacteriostatic

Question 7

drugs that kill bacteria

Answer 7

bactericidal

Question 8

Colistin and nalidixic acid destroy only Gram negative bacteria; they are referred to as

Answer 8

narrow-spectrum antibiotics

Question 8

Antibiotics that are destructive to both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria are called

Answer 8

broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline)

Question 10

is when two antimicrobial agents are used together to produce a degree of pathogen killing that is greater than that achieved by
either drug alone. Synergism is a good thing.

Answer 10

Synergism

Question 11

is when two drugs actually work
against each other. The extent of pathogen killing is less than that achieved by either drug alone

Answer 11

Antagonism

Question 12

(bactericidal; interfere with cell wall
synthesis)

Answer 12

Penicillins

Question 13

(bactericidal; interfere with cell wall synthesis)

Answer 13

Cephalosporins

Question 14

(bacteriostatic; inhibit protein synthesis)

Answer 14

Tetracyclines

Question 15

(bactericidal; inhibit protein
synthesis)

Answer 15

Aminoglycosides

Question 16

(bacteriostatic at lower doses; bactericidal at higher doses; inhibit protein synthesis)

Answer 16

Macrolides

Question 17

(bactericidal; inhibit DNA synthesis)

Answer 17

Fluoroquinolones

Question 18

A plasmid that contains multiple genes for drug resistance is
known as a

Answer 18

resistance factor (R-factor).

Question 19

is when drug therapy is initiated
before laboratory results are available (i.e., before the pathogen is identified and/or before susceptibility test results are available).

Answer 19

Empiric Therapy